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AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
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SUGARCANE
SUGARCANE
Sugarcane occupies an important place in the economy of the district. It is the most important cash-crop of the district. The total area under this crop since 1880-81 has increased considerably. The following figures show how the area under this crop has increased in recent years:—
|
Year |
Area |
1880-81 |
2,219 acres |
1890-91 |
2,758 acres |
1900-01 |
1,030 acres |
1910-11 |
1,875 acres |
1920-21 |
6,923 acres |
1940-41 |
36,542 acres |
1950-51 |
48,500 acres |
1960-61 |
89,200 acres |
1971-72 |
49,204 hectares |
TABLE No. 10—AREA AND OUT-TURN OF DRUGS AND NARCOTICS IN AHMADNAGAR DISTRICT FROM 1961-62 TO 1965-66 AND 1971-72
|
Taluka |
Year |
Area in acres |
Out-turn of Tobacco in tons |
|
Tobacco |
Betel leaves |
Total drugs and narcotics |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
Ahmadnagar |
1961-62 |
186 |
15 |
201 |
83 |
1962-63 |
232 |
6 |
238 |
95 |
1963-64 |
144 |
9 |
153 |
64 |
1964-65 |
58 |
8 |
66 |
24 |
1965-66 |
43 |
10 |
53 |
16 |
1971-72 |
31 |
-- |
33 |
-- |
|
Sangamner |
1961-62 |
238 |
147 |
385 |
55 |
1962-63 |
262 |
109 |
371 |
98 |
1963-64 |
220 |
85 |
305 |
50 |
1964-65 |
186 |
45 |
231 |
27 |
1965-66 |
145 |
45 |
190 |
65 |
1971-72 |
23 |
-- |
46 |
-- |
|
Akola |
1961-62 |
175 |
-- |
175 |
26 |
1962-63 |
143 |
-- |
143 |
17 |
1963-64 |
123 |
-- |
123 |
19 |
1964-65 |
175 |
-- |
175 |
5 |
1965-66 |
115 |
-- |
115 |
51 |
1971-72 |
17 |
-- |
17 |
-- |
|
Kopargaon |
1961-62 |
24 |
6 |
30 |
11 |
1962-63 |
25 |
11 |
36 |
11 |
1963-64 |
8 |
6 |
14 |
2 |
1964-65 |
11 |
9 |
20 |
4 |
1965-66 |
1 |
8 |
9 |
-- |
1971-72 |
1 |
-- |
2 |
-- |
|
Shrirampur |
1961-62 |
8 |
16 |
24 |
1 |
1962-63 |
40 |
26 |
66 |
8 |
1963-64 |
9 |
24 |
33 |
1 |
1964-65 |
33 |
26 |
59 |
5 |
1965-66 |
25 |
21 |
46 |
11 |
1971-72 |
3 |
-- |
13 |
-- |
|
Rahuri |
1961-62 |
13 |
-- |
13 |
2 |
1962-63 |
17 |
-- |
17 |
4 |
1963-64 |
14 |
-- |
14 |
3 |
1964-65 |
4 |
-- |
4 |
1 |
1965-66 |
2 |
-- |
2 |
1 |
1971-72 |
1 |
-- |
1 |
-- |
|
Nevasa |
1961-62 |
132 |
1 |
133 |
19 |
1962-63 |
320 |
1 |
321 |
51 |
1963-64 |
217 |
-- |
217 |
71 |
1964-65 |
225 |
-- |
225 |
100 |
1965-66 |
102 |
-- |
102 |
18 |
1971-72 |
14 |
-- |
14 |
-- |
TABLE No. 10—contd.
|
Taluka |
Year |
Area in acres* |
Out-turn of Tobacco in tons* |
|
Tobacco |
Betel-leaves |
Total drugs and narcotics |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
Shevgaon |
1961-62 |
127 |
-- |
127 |
34 |
1962-63 |
295 |
8 |
303 |
98 |
1963-64 |
108 |
7 |
115 |
48 |
1964-65 |
175 |
7 |
182 |
26 |
1965-66 |
115 |
8 |
123 |
16 |
1971-72 |
40 |
-- |
43 |
-- |
|
Pathardi |
1961-62 |
45 |
2 |
47 |
7 |
1962-63 |
129 |
17 |
146 |
40 |
1963-64 |
61 |
4 |
65 |
12 |
1964-65 |
24 |
4 |
28 |
11 |
1965-66 |
49 |
2 |
51 |
22 |
1971-72 |
7 |
-- |
8 |
-- |
|
Parner |
1961-62 |
47 |
3 |
50 |
21 |
1962-63 |
53 |
2 |
55 |
17 |
1963-64 |
31 |
2 |
33 |
14 |
1964-65 |
17 |
3 |
20 |
8 |
1965-66 |
27 |
2 |
29 |
12 |
1971-72 |
1 |
-- |
1 |
-- |
|
Shrigonda |
1961-62 |
71 |
66 |
137 |
32 |
1962-63 |
47 |
45 |
92 |
21 |
1963-64 |
40 |
40 |
80 |
18 |
1964-65 |
35 |
28 |
63 |
15 |
1965-66 |
26 |
19 |
45 |
7 |
1971-72 |
13 |
-- |
17 |
-- |
|
Karjat |
1961-62 |
55 |
2 |
57 |
21 |
1962-63 |
35 |
7 |
42 |
15 |
1963-64 |
39 |
5 |
44 |
16 |
1964-65 |
59 |
5 |
64 |
26 |
1965-66 |
27 |
-- |
27 |
12 |
1971-72 |
7 |
-- |
8 |
-- |
|
Jamkhed |
1961-62 |
32 |
25 |
57 |
11 |
1962-63 |
53 |
18 |
71 |
20 |
1963-64 |
63 |
18 |
81 |
28 |
1964-65 |
81 |
13 |
74 |
36 |
1965-66 |
68 |
12 |
80 |
30 |
1971-72 |
16 |
-- |
22 |
-- |
|
District Total |
1961-62 |
1,153 |
283 |
1,436 |
323 |
1962-63 |
1,651 |
250 |
1,901 |
495 |
1963-64 |
1,077 |
200 |
1,277 |
346 |
1964-65 |
1,083 |
148 |
1,231 |
288 |
1965-66 |
745 |
127 |
872 |
261 |
1971-72 |
174 |
-- |
229 |
200 |
* Figures for 1971-72 are given in hectares and out-turn in metric tonnes.
In 1968-69 the acreage under this crop had increased to 1,16,400 acres. The district occupies an important place in Maharashtra State both from the point of view of the acreage under sugarcane crop and production of sugar. It is essentially an irrigated crop and requires plenty of water-supply. The increase in the area under the crop is mainly due to increased irrigation facilities in recent years in the district. The cultivation of sugarcane is mainly concentrated in Shrirampur and Kopargaon talukas with Rahuri taluka following a close third. It is also grown in Sangamner and Nevasa talukas but the acreage under it in both the talukas is below two thousand acres. Table No. 11 shows taluka-wise acreage and out-turn of sugarcane-crop between 1961-62 and 1965-66.
Sugarcane is essentially a tropical Crop and takes twelve months for its full growth. Its out-turn is high in extremely hot climate as also where there is ample supply of water. It grows on a variety of soils ranging from lighter types to heavier ones. In lighter types of soil, however, irrigation is required to be given more frequently than in heavier soils. The land is first ploughed either by tractor or an iron-plough. At the time of preparing the land about 20 to 30 cart-loads of farm-yard manure are applied. The land is brought to fine tilth and afterwards it is divided into ridges and furrows at a distance of 3' to 3½' apart for irrigation. Sugarcane sets are then planted in December-January. Sulphate of ammonia is applied before planting the sets, as it helps germination. Top dressing of sulphate of ammonia is given after about a month and a half or two months after weeding and first earthing up. Another top dressing of sulphate or oil-cake is given at the time of final earthing up in May. In all 175 kilograms of nitrate and 75 kilograms of P2O5 are applied and about 35 irrigations are given. Both suru and adsali plantations are in practice in the district. The suru plantation needs less quantity of fertilisers, i.e., 110 kilograms of nitrate and 50 kilograms of P2O5 The yield-rate per acre is about 60 to 70 tons. The entire produce of sugarcane in the district is crushed in the sugar factories in the district which in 1969-70 numbered 12.
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