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AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
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FIBRES
The fibres in the district include mostly cotton and sann-hemp. Sann-hemp is grown throughout the district, while the cultivation of cotton is concentrated in Warora, Rajura and Chandrapur tahsils. Ambadi is another fibre crop which, however, occupied a very negligible area in the district. The tables given below give tahsil-wise area under fibres and their outturn during the period between 1956-57 and 1963-64.
TABLE No. 21
TAHSIL-WISE AREA UNDER FIBRES IN CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT FROM 1956-57 TO 1963-64
(Area in hectares*)
Tahsil |
Year |
Cotton |
Sann-Hemp |
Ambadi |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
Warora |
1956-57 |
14,127.183 (34,909) |
114.121 (282) |
-- |
1957-58 |
14,605.118 (36,090) |
75.212 (186) |
0.405 (1) |
1958-59 |
14,057.173 (34,736) |
92.268 (228) |
-- |
1959-60 |
10,909.525 (26,958) |
44.920 (111) |
14.973 (37) |
1960-61 |
13,126.800 (32,437) |
54.633 (135) |
11.736 (29) |
1961-62 |
14,484.117 (35,791) |
56.251 (139) |
29.947 (74) |
1962-63 |
13,771.869 (34,031) |
31.565 (78) |
3.237 (8) |
1963-64 |
16,346.481 (40,393) |
31.161 (77) |
5.261
(13) |
Chandrapur |
1956-57 |
1,475.485 (3,646) |
78.104 (193) |
2.833 (7) |
1957-58 |
1,000.384 (2,472) |
72.439 (179) |
2.023
(5) | 1958-59 |
743.408 (1,837) |
76.890 (190) |
1.214
(3) | 1959-60 |
284.089 (702) |
53.419 (132) |
2.428
(6) | 1960-61 |
328.200 (811) |
58.679 (145) |
13.355 (33) |
1961-62 |
483.600 (1,195) |
63.131
(156) | 0.809 (2) |
1962-63 |
663.685 (1,640) |
44.920 (11l) |
0.619
(4) | 1963-64 |
54.968 (1,359) |
56.251 (139) |
2.833
(7) |
Brahmapuri |
1956-57 |
-- |
85.389
(211) |
2.428 (6) |
1957-58 |
-- |
47.753 (118) |
0.809 (2) |
1958-59 |
4.047 (10) |
63.131 (156) |
0.809 (2) |
1959-60 |
-- |
50.181 (124) |
1.619
(4) | 1960-61 |
-- |
44.111 (109) |
2.428
(6) | 1961-62 |
-- |
34.398 (85) |
3.642
(9) | 1962-63 |
-- |
15.378 (38) |
3.237
(8) | 1963-64 |
-- |
38.040 (94) |
3.237
(8) |
Gadhchiroli |
1956-57 |
8.948 (21) |
58.275
(144) |
2.833 (7) |
1957-58 |
9.308 (23) |
58.275 (144) |
2.833
(7) | 1958-59 |
2.428 (6) |
76.081 (188) |
1.619
(4) | 1959-60 |
0.405 (1) |
48.158 (119) |
2.023
(5) | 1960-61 |
0.809 (2) |
51.395 (127) |
4.047
(10) | 1961-62 |
3.237 (8) |
49.776 (123) |
6.070
(15) | 1962-63 |
0.405 (1) |
39.659 (98) |
4.856
(12) | 1963-64 |
1.214 (3) |
30.750 (76) |
16.997 (42) |
*Figures in brackets indicate area in acres.
TABLE No. 21- contd.
(Area in hectares*)
Tahsil |
Year |
Cotton |
Sann-Hemp |
Ambadi |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
Sironcha |
1956-57 |
-- |
25.090 (62) |
-- |
1957-58 |
0.809 (2) |
21.044 (52) |
2.043 (5) |
1958-59 |
-- |
25.900 (64) |
2.833 (7) |
1959-60 |
-- |
12.141 (30) |
0.809 (2) |
1960-61 |
-- |
14.569 (36) |
12.141 (30) |
1961-62 |
-- |
21.044 (52) |
0.405 (1) |
1962-63 |
-- |
8.094 (20) |
1.619 (4) |
1963-64 |
-- |
12.950 (32) |
1.214 (3) |
Rajura |
1956-57 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1957-58 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1958-59 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1959-60 |
10,682.496 (26,397) |
104.004 (257) |
298.658 (738) |
1960-61 |
11,756.533 (29,051) |
264.664 (654) |
337.103 (833) |
1961-62 |
12,013.913 (29,687) |
296.635 (733) |
559.276 (1,382) |
1962-63 |
12,372.465 (30,573) |
258.999 (640) |
231.480 (572) |
1963-64 |
12,407.672 (30,660) |
227.433 (562) |
234.718 (580) |
District Total |
1956-57 |
15,611.167 (38,576) |
360.980 (892) |
8.094 (20) |
1957-58 |
15,615.618 (38,587) |
274.782 (679) |
8.903 (22) |
1958-59 |
14,807.056 (36,589) |
334.270 (826) |
7.284 (18) |
1959-60 |
21,876.516 (54,058) |
312.822 (773) |
320.511 (792) |
1960-61 |
25,212.342 (62,301) |
488.051 (1,206) |
380.809 (941) |
1961-62 |
26,984.867 (66,681) |
521.235 (1,288) |
600.149 (1,483) |
1962-63 |
26,808.424 (66,245) |
398.615 (985) |
246.049 (608) |
1963-64 |
29,305.336 (72.415) |
396.592 (980) |
263.855 (652) |
*Figures in brackets indicate area in acres.
TABLE No. 22
TAHSIL-WISE OUTTURN OF FIBRES IN CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT FROM 1956-57 TO 1963-64.
Tahsil |
Year |
Cotton |
Sann-Hemp |
Ambadi |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
Warora |
1956-57 |
14,622.272 (14,392) |
48.768 (48) |
-- |
1957-58 |
16,825.976 (16,561) |
28.448 (28) |
-- |
1958-59 |
2,835.656
(2,791) |
24.384 (24) |
-- |
1959-60 |
1,657.096 (1,631) |
14.224 (14) |
4.064 (4) |
1960-61 |
18,917.920 (18,620) |
18.288 (18) |
3.048 (3) |
1961-62 |
2,227.072
(2,192) |
20.320 (20) |
8.128 (8) |
1962-63 |
2,435.352
(2,396) |
10.160 (10) |
1.016 (1) |
1963-64 |
9,984.232
(9,826) |
10.160 (10) |
1.016 (1) |
Chandrapur |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1956-57 |
1,524.000
(1,500) |
17.272 (17) |
1.016 (1) |
1957-58 |
1,153.160 (1,135) |
27.432 (27) |
1.016 (1) |
1958-59 |
154.432 (152) |
28.448 (28) |
-- |
1959-60 |
35.560 (35) |
18.288 (18) |
1.016 (1) |
1960-61 |
473.456 (466) |
23.368 (23) |
4.064 (4) |
1961-62 |
86.360 (85) |
25.400 (25) |
-- |
1962-63 |
98.552 (97) |
15.240
(15) |
1.016 (1) |
1963-64 |
34.544 (34) |
18.288 (18) |
1.016 (1) |
Brahmapuri |
1956-57 |
-- |
20.320 (20) |
1.016 (1) |
1957-58 |
-- |
13.208 (13) |
-- |
1958-59 |
1.016 (1) |
28.448 (28) |
-- |
1959-60 |
-- |
18.288 (18) |
1.016 (1) |
1960-61 |
-- |
16.256 (16) |
1.016 (1) |
1961-62 |
-- |
14.224 (14) |
1.016 (1) |
1962-63 |
-- |
5.080 (5) |
1.016 (1) |
1963-64 |
-- |
13.208 (13) |
1.016 (1) |
Gadhchiroli |
1956-57 |
9.144 (9) |
18.288 (18) |
1.016 (1) |
1957-58 |
10.160 (10) |
21.336 (21) |
1.016 (1) |
1958-59 |
-- |
34.544 (34) |
1.016 (1) |
1959-60 |
-- |
18.288 (18) |
1.016 (1) |
1960-61 |
-- |
21.336 (21) |
1.016 (1) |
1961-62 |
-- |
20.320 (20) |
2.032 (2) |
1962-63 |
-- |
13.208 (13) |
2.032 (2) |
1963-64 |
-- |
10.160 (10) |
4.064 (4) |
* Figures in brackets indicate outturn in tonnes.
TABLE No. 22-contd.
(Figures in metric tonnes*)
Tahsil |
Year |
Cotton |
Sann-Hemp |
Ambadi |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
Sironcha |
1956-57 |
-- |
11.176 (11) |
-- |
1957-58 |
-- |
8.128 (8) |
1.016 (1) |
1958-59 |
-- |
10.160 (10) |
1.016 (1) |
1959-60 |
-- |
4.064 (4) |
-- |
1960-61 |
-- |
5.080
(5) |
-- |
1961-62 |
-- |
8.128 (8) |
-- |
1962-63 |
-- |
2.032 (2) |
1.016 (1) |
1963-64 |
-- |
4.064 (4) |
-- |
Rajura |
1956-57 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1957-58 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1958-59 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1959-60 |
1,617.472
(1,592) |
4.064 (4) |
83.312 (82) |
1960-61 |
16,940.784 (16,674) |
97.536 (96) |
94.488 (93) |
1961-62 |
1,847.088 (1,818) |
111.760 (110) |
143.256 (141) |
1962-63 |
1,900.936
(1,871) |
83.312 (82) |
58.928
(58) | 1963-64 |
695.960 (685) |
76.200 (75) |
59.944 (59) |
District Total |
1956-57 |
16,155.416 (15,901) |
115.824
(114) |
3.048 (3) |
1957-58 |
17,989.296 (17,706) |
98.552 (97) |
3.048 (3) |
1958-59 |
2,991.104
(2,944) |
125.984 (124) |
2.032 (2) |
1959-60 |
3,310.128
(3,258) |
77.216 (76) |
90.424 (89) |
1960-6! |
36,332.160 (35,760) |
181.864 (179) |
103.632 (102) |
1961-62 |
4,160.520
(4,095) |
1,200.152 (197) |
154.432 (152) |
1962-63 |
4,433.824 (4,364) |
129.032 (127) |
65.024 (64) |
1963-64 |
10,713.720 (10,545) |
132.080 (130) |
67.056 (66) |
*Figures in brackets indicate outturn in tonnes.
FIBRES.
Of the three cotton producing tahsils in the district Warora
stands first, where in 1963-64 alone, cotton was grown over an
area of 16346.481 hectares (40,393 acres). In the Chandrapur
tahsil in the same year, cotton occupied only 549.968 hectares
(1,359 acres). Next to Warora, the highest acreage under cotton
was in Rajura tahsil 12407.673 hectares (30,660 acres). Cotton
forms the most important cash crop of these tahsils.
Cotton grows best in deep black and medium and lighter type of soils which are well drained. It requires moderate rainfall ranging between 508 and 762 mm: (20 and 30 inches). Its tillage consists of a ploughing and two or three heavy harrowings prior to monsoon. Farmyard manure and other fertilisers are also applied. The sowing is done between June and July when there is sufficient moisture due to the monsoon.
The spacing between the two rows varies from 1½ to 3 feet and that between two plants about a foot. One or two hand weedings are done.
Generally early varieties are grown in the district. Their flowering starts mostly by the end of August or in the beginning of September. The balls open towards the end of October and kapas is picked during November-December. In all, three to four successive pickings are done with an interval of 15 days. The cotton is then put on regulated markets. After cotton, kharif jowar mostly grown mixed with udid is produced. During the third year some oil-seeds or other cereals are cultivated. The pests and diseases which affect this crop are described under the section " pests and diseases", in this chapter.
Sann-hemp.
Sann-hemp is grown all over the district. However, it is mainly cultivated in Rajura, Warora and Chandrapur tahsils. In 1963-64, in Rajura tahsil, sann-hemp was grown over an area of 227.433 hectares (562 acres). The other two tahsils together covered an area of 87.412 hectares (216 acres) during the same year. The crop is usually grown in tracts having moderate rainfall and in soils of various types such as clayey loams, black and lateritic. It is generally grown in kharif season. Sann-hemp is cultivated for the production of fibre and also as a green manure crop. When it is grown for fibre, it is sown after the first heavy showers of monsoon. The crop grows very fast and thereby suppresses the growth of weeds. It becomes ready for harvest after about four and a half months. The stalks are cut close to the ground at the time of pod setting and exposed to the sun for about a week when its leaves are stripped off. The stalks are then tied into small bundles and placed in water until the bark is well retted. The stalks are then taken out and the bark is peeled off in long strips, which are beaten on the stone and washed in water to obtain fibre.
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