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INDUSTRIES
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INTRODUCTION
THE CRAFTS AND INDUSTRIES IN THIS DISTRICT are very old. The
old Gazetteer of Khandesh District (1880) has to say the following about them.―
"Khandesh crafts and industries are of local consequence only. The chief are in mineral substances, working in gold, silver, brass, iron, stone, earth, clay and lime; in vegetable products, woodcutting and carpentry, sugar and catechu making, distilling, oil-pressing, and spinning, weaving, dyeing, and printing cotton cloth; in animal products, the making of lac and clarified butter the weaving of silk and wool, butcher's work, and the making and working of leather."
An idea of the industries existing in the early decades of this century could be had from the following statement.
By 1916 there were 52 factories working in West Khandesh district. The location and nature of these factories in the district as well as the number of operatives employed therein are given in the following statement [Adopted from the Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Part-X11-B Khandesh (East and West) and Mewas Estates, p. 58]:―
|
Town |
Factory |
Operatives |
|
No. |
Kind |
|
Dhulia. |
17 |
Ginning and Pressing. |
2,427 |
|
Shirud. |
1 |
Ginning. |
60 |
|
Sindkheda. |
3 |
Ginning and Pressing. |
4,340 |
|
Nardana. |
3 |
Do. |
2,114 |
|
Dondaicha. |
5 |
Do. |
18,720 |
|
Shirpur. |
2 |
Do. |
193 |
|
Warwade. |
4 |
Do. |
290 |
|
Ajande Budruk. |
1 |
Ginning. |
37 |
|
Shahada. |
4 |
Ginning and Pressing. |
234 |
|
Prakashe. |
1 |
Ginning. |
52 |
|
Nandurbar. |
8 |
Ginning and Pressing. |
727 |
|
Nawapur. |
3 |
Do. |
176 |
The development of industries is a sine qua non for economic growth of a region. However, it depends on the presence of a number of factors, such as, labour, capital, availability of raw materials, electricity and water supply at cheap rates, and a net-work of transport and communications.
Dhulia district is predominantly an agricultural tract and cannot be regarded as an industrialised district of the State. The industrial complex of the district is purely of a local nature.
In recent years, however, there have been efforts to boost up the industrial development of the district. The State Government is extending numerous facilities and granting concessions to start new industries. In 1962-63 the government had distributed loans through Zilla Parishad. Directorate of Industries and Maharashtra State Finance Corporation to the tune of Rs. 1,20,900. The number of factories in the year was 224 and they employed about 9.244 persons. As per the Annual Survey of Industries (1966). there were 231 registered factories which provided employment to 4,752 workers. Productive capital of the factories was Rs. 1,75,17,000; gross output Rs. 9,10,09,000 and value added on manufacture Rs. 62,98,000.
The establishment of industrial estate at Dhulia and the industrial co-operatives in the district will go a long way in developing the industrial economy of the district.
The District Statistical Abstracts of Dhulia for 1962-63 and 1963-64 give the names of the following small-scale industries which have great scope for development in the district. They are: making of agricultural implements, making of straw-boards, hard-boards, and cardboards, extraction of cotton seed oil. preparation of manure from groundnut cake, conducting of saw-mill and making of furniture, wood seasoning. Having of leather, making of foot wears, etc.
The following two tables give the number of persons employed in different industries according to 1951 and 1961 Census returns.
TABLE No. 1
NUMBER OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE (i.e. SELF SUPPORTING) PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRIES IN DHULIA DISTRICT, 1951
|
Classification of industries |
Employers |
Employees |
Independent workers |
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
All Industries and services- |
5,776 |
975 |
22,961 |
1,785 |
33,050 |
4,670 |
Primary industries not elsewhere specified |
201 |
18 |
736 |
57 |
1,599 |
271 |
Stock raising |
120 |
10 |
425 |
37 |
912 |
102 |
Rearing of small animals and insects |
-- |
-- |
2 |
-- |
1 |
1 |
Plantation industries |
18 |
-- |
5 |
-- |
85 |
5 |
Forestry and collection of products not elsewhere specified |
48 |
1 |
297 |
10 |
326 |
122 |
TABLE No. 1-contd.
|
Classification of Industries |
Employers |
Employees |
Independent workers |
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
|
Hunting (including trapping and game propagation) |
7 |
-- |
1 |
6 |
62 |
7 |
|
Fishing |
8 |
7 |
6 |
4 |
213 |
34 |
Minning and Quarrying |
1 |
-- |
9 |
1 |
223 |
9 |
|
Coal mining |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Crude petroleum and natural gas |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Stone quarrying, clay and sandpits |
1 |
-- |
9 |
1 |
223 |
9 |
Processing and Manufacture―Foodstuff's. Textile, Leather and Products thereof |
1.132 |
691 |
3,496 |
284 |
5,555 |
596 |
|
Food industries otherwise un-classified |
63 |
8 |
3,496 |
7 |
377 |
37 |
|
Grains and pulses |
118 |
3 |
213 |
15 |
102 |
26 |
|
Sugar industries |
-- |
-- |
6 |
-- |
25 |
1 |
|
Beverages |
12 |
1 |
45 |
1 |
14 |
-- |
|
Tobacco |
182 |
110 |
224 |
21 |
389 |
60 |
|
Cotton Textiles |
89 |
299 |
2,253 |
173 |
1,323 |
233 |
|
Wearing apparel (except foot-wear) and made up textile goods |
257 |
143 |
142 |
12 |
1.459 |
67 |
|
Textile industries otherwise classified |
1 |
-- |
6 |
-- |
62 |
-- |
|
Leather products and foot wear |
85 |
11 |
102 |
3 |
1,144 |
85 |
Processing and Manufacture―Chemicals and Products thereof. |
119 |
14 |
242 |
3 |
1,274 |
15 |
|
Manufacture of metal products otherwise unclassified - |
91 |
13 |
136 |
3 |
1,074 |
14 |
|
Non-ferrous metals (basic manufacture) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Iran-port equipment |
20 |
-- |
70 |
-- |
112 |
1 |
|
Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances and supplies |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Machinery (other than electrical machinery) including engineering workshop |
3 |
1 |
11 |
-- |
16 |
-- |
TABLE No. 1-contd. |
Classification of Industries |
Employers |
Employees |
Independent workers | |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females | |
Basic industrial chemicals. |
2 |
-- |
1 |
-- |
2 |
-- | |
Manufacture of chemical products otherwise unclassified |
3 |
-- |
24 |
-- |
70 |
-- | |
Processing and Manufacturing not elsewhere specified. |
697 |
59 |
783 |
31 |
4.468 |
262 | |
Manufacturing Industries otherwise unclassified |
144 |
3 |
66 |
2 |
859 |
6 | |
Products of petroleum and coal. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- | |
Bricks, tiles and other products, structural clay |
39 |
3 |
46 |
4 |
49 |
6 | |
Non-metallic mineral products |
83 |
36 |
83 |
8 |
496 |
58 | |
Rubber products |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- | |
Wood and wood products other than furniture and fixtures. |
383 |
16 |
502 |
13 |
3.027 |
191 | |
Furniture and fixtures |
2 |
-- |
4 |
-- |
33 |
-- | |
Paper and paper products |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1 |
-- | |
Printing and allied
industries. |
46 |
1 |
82 |
4 |
3 |
-- | |
Construction and utilities |
144 |
4 |
695 |
227 |
1,717 |
236 | |
Construction and maintenance of works otherwise unclassified. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- | |
Construction and maintenance, buildings. |
140 |
4 |
402 |
85 |
1,632 |
231 | |
Construction and maintenance, roads, bridges and other transport works. |
-- |
-- |
34 |
2 |
1 |
-- | |
Works and services, electric power and gas. |
-- |
-- |
55 |
-- |
5 |
-- | |
Works and services, domestic and industrial water supply. |
1 |
-- |
33 |
2 |
16 |
-- | |
Sanitary works and services including scavengers. |
1 |
-- |
113 |
138 |
1 |
5 | |
Metal mining except iron ore mining. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- | |
Vegetable oil and dairy products |
325 |
111 |
469 |
52 |
660 |
87 | |
Cement, cement pipes, other cement products. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1 |
TABLE No. 2
INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION BY SEX AND DIVISIONS
MAJOR GROUPS OF PERSONS AT WORK OTHER THAN CULTIVATION IN DHULIA DISTRICT IN 1961
|
Industry |
Workers at Household Industry |
Workers in Non-Household Industry etc. |
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
|
Division O |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Agriculture, livestock, forestry, etc. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Field produce and plantation crops |
-- |
-- |
238 |
43 |
|
Plantation crops |
-- |
-- |
15 |
-- |
|
Forestry and logging |
-- |
1 |
1,081 |
565 |
|
Fishing |
-- |
-- |
352 |
59 |
|
Livestock and hunting |
2,697 |
880 |
4,894 |
670 |
|
Division I |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Mining and quarrying |
-- |
-- |
347 |
214 |
|
Division 2 and 3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Manufacturing― |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Foodstuffs |
713 |
524 |
2,239 |
254 |
|
Beverages |
16 |
1 |
113 |
1 |
|
Tobacco products |
149 |
35 |
722 |
270 |
|
Textile-cotton |
1,671 |
2,193 |
4,679 |
697 |
|
Textile-jute |
85 |
123 |
7 |
7 |
|
Textile-wool |
98 |
138 |
-- |
1 |
|
Textile-silk |
-- |
-- |
2 |
-- |
|
Textile-miscellaneous |
2,310 |
471 |
1,619 |
81 |
|
Manufacture of wood and wooden products. |
3,837 |
1,231 |
1,252 |
104 |
|
Paper and paper products |
9 |
12 |
30 |
8 |
|
Printing and publishing |
5 |
-- |
189 |
3 |
|
Leather and leather products |
1,122 |
148 |
545 |
24 |
|
Rubber, petroleum and coal products |
1 |
-- |
10 |
-- |
|
Chemicals, and chemical products |
30 |
6 |
69 |
4 |
|
Non-Metallic products other than petroleum and coal. |
845 |
757 |
367 |
152 |
|
Basic metals and their products except machinery and transport. |
1,189 |
170 |
623 |
23 |
|
Machinery (all kinds other than transport) and electrical equipments. |
2 |
-- |
49 |
-- |
|
Transport equipment |
238 |
1 |
691 |
1 |
|
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries. |
840 |
20 |
695 |
7 |
TABLE No. 2-contd.
|
Industry |
Workers at Household industry |
Workers in Non-Household Industry etc. |
|
Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
|
Division 4 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Construction |
-- |
-- |
3,643 |
629 |
|
Division 5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Electricity and gas |
-- |
-- |
204 |
3 |
Water supply and sanitary services |
-- |
-- |
62 |
-- | |
Division 6 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Trade and Commerce |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Wholesale trade |
-- |
-- |
1,740 |
116 |
|
Retail trade |
-- |
-- |
14,570 |
3,038 |
|
Trade and commerce miscellaneous |
-- |
-- |
458 |
14 |
|
Division 7 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Transport, Storage and Communications
― |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Transport |
-- |
-- |
5,396 |
167 |
|
Storage and Warehousing |
-- |
-- |
18 |
2 |
|
Communications |
-- |
-- |
425 |
4 |
|
Division 8 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Services― |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Public Services. |
-- |
-- |
8,033 |
476 |
|
Educational and scientific services |
-- |
-- |
4,805 |
820 |
|
Medical and health services |
-- |
-- |
820 |
240 |
|
Religious and welfare services |
-- |
-- |
1,107 |
175 |
|
Legal service |
-- |
-- |
177 |
-- | |
Business services |
-- |
-- |
656 |
2 |
|
Community services and trade and labour associations. |
-- |
-- |
715 |
12 |
|
Recreation services |
-- |
-- |
516 |
24 |
|
Personal services |
-- |
-- |
5,417 |
1,683 | |
Services (not elsewhere classified) |
-- |
-- |
5,937 |
3,013 |
|
Division 9 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Activities unspecified and not adequately described. |
-- |
-- |
9 |
-- |
An attempt is made in the following pages to give the nature of the industrial development in the district. The description covers large and small industries and cottage industries in the district and contains a general description of their location, number of factories, capital investment, employment of labour, production and marketing, etc. The progress of the trade union movement in the district is also detailed.
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