The Gazetteers Department

ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1951 the population of Jalgaon district is 1,471,351, males numbering 746,452 and females 724,899. This population is distributed over 4,467.3 square miles so that the average population per square mile comes to 329.36. Hindus form the largest proportion of this population, Muslims being the next largest community. Jains, Buddhists, Christians, Jews, Sikhs and Parsees are also met within the district in lesser and lesser numbers.

Hindus number 1,302,037, males being 660,410 and females 641,627; Muslims number 191,215, males being 76,794 and females 74,421; Jains number 13,067, males being 6,563 and females 6,504; Christians number 2,537, males being 1,283 and females 1,254; Sikhs number 834, males being 454 and females 380; Jews number 18, males being 12 and females 6; Parsees number 268, 142 being males and 126 females. Buddhists number 7, all being males. Non-tribals number 1,368, males being 787 and females 581. Table No. IV at the end of this chapter shows the comparative increase or decrease of this population from 1911 to 1951.

The census separately enumerated Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The total Scheduled Castes population is 137,916, males being 69,747 and females 68,169. The Scheduled Tribes population is 64,486, males being 33,240 and females 31,246. Displaced persons' number is 7,875, 4,223 being males and 3,652 females while non-Indian nationals totalled 61, 30 being males and 31 females.

The percentage of males and females in the total population of the district works out at 50.73: 49.27 which is fairly balanced.

The tractwise distribution of the population is as follows: —

Rural.

Rural Tracts.—The total population in rural tracts of the district is 1,003,918, males being 505,946 and females 497,972. It is divided into (1) Jalgaon-Bhusaval-Edlabad as 195,858 (m. 98,852; f. 97,006); (2) Yaval-Raver 169,955 (m. 85,098; f. 84,857); (3) Amalner-Parola 152,498 (m. 77,250; f. 75,248); (4) Chopda-Erandol 157,233 (m. 78,996; f. 78,237); (5) Chalisgaon-Bhadgaon 163,000 (m. 82,564: f. 80,436); (6) Jamner-Pachora 165,374 (m. 83,186; f. 82,188).

Urban.

Urban Tracts.—The total population in urban tracts of the district totals 467,433, males being 240,506 and females 226,927. It is divided into (1) Jalgaon-Bhusaval-Yaval-Raver-Edlabad as 226,405 (m. 117,485; f. 108,920); (2) Amalner-Parola-Chopda-Eran-dol 138.571 (m. 70.348: f. 68,223); (3) Chalisgaon-Jamner-Pachora-Bhadgaon 102,457 (m. 52,673; f. 49,784).

The population is split up into eight livelihood classes four of which are agricultural and four non-agricultural.

Livelihood Pattern.

Agricultural Classes.—(1) Cultivators of land wholly or mainly owned and their dependants total 682,974 (m. 341,442; f. 341,532), (2) Cultivators of land wholly or mainly unowned and their dependants total 32,227 (m. 16,615; f. 15,612); (3) Cultivating labourers and their dependants total 309,714 (m. 156,523; f. 153.191); (4) Non-cultivating owners of land, agricultural rent receivers and their dependants total 11,738 (m. 5,513; f. 6,225). The total comes to 1,036,653 (m. 520,093; f. 516,560).

Non-Agricultural Classes.—Persons (including dependants) who derive their principal means of livelihood from (1) Production other than cultivation 152,619 (m. 79,382; f. 73,237); (2) Commerce 80.361 (m. 41,733; f. 38,628); (3) Transport 33,998 (m. 17,965; f. 15,933); (4) Other services and miscellaneous sources 167,820 (m. 87,279; f. 80,541). Total is 434,198.

TABLE I

AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION,. JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1911—1951)

Census years	Area in square miles	Towns	Villages	Occupied Houses		Population
				Occupied Houses		Urban		Rural
				Urban	Rural	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
1911	4,550	23	1,415	45,406	1,57,548	1,11,332	1,07,924	4,10,587	4,05,043
1921	4,550	23	1,455	48,872	1,57,102	1,27,230	1,19,432	4,18,559	4,10,616
1931	4,551	23	1,468	60,671	1,79,041	1,52,108	1,40,978	4,60,585	4,52,364
1941	4,598	23	1,474	79,558	2,17,663	1,82,988	1,71,730	4,90,840	4,82,164
1951	4,467.3	29	1,424	80,933	1,94,024	2,40,506	2,26,927	5,05,946	4,97,972

TABLE II

AGE AND CIVIL CONDITION, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1911)

Age Group	Total Population		Married		Unmarried		Widowed
Age Group	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
0—5	79,598	83,942	989	1,931	78,579	81,966	30	45
5—10	71,401	68,713	3,310	22,957	67,995	45,380	96	376
10—15	57,966	48,878	18,434	39,910	39,211	8,098	321	870
15—20	39,640	41,447	25,898	39,256	13,252	1,146	490	1,045
20—40	1,68,156	1,67,590	1,50,564	1,47,997	11,658	2,107	5,934	17,486
40—60	81,187	76,516	71,245	39,092	1,515	605	8,427	36,819
60 and over	23,971	25,881	16,865	4,316	533	185	6,573	21,380

TABLE II—contd.

AGE AND CIVIL CONDITION, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1921)

Age Group	Total Population		Married		Unmarried		Widowed
Age Group	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
0—1	19,486	19,697	81	136	19,404	19,552	1	9
1—5	52,164	56,135	650	1,648	51,477	54,439	37	48
5—10	82,283	80,325	3,451	23,141	78,706	56,611	126	573
10—15	74,274	61,918	23,540	47,543	50,287	12,797	447	1,578
15—20	42,222	42,145	28,221	38,922	13,330	1,955	671	1,268
20—30	86,948	91,609	75,403	83,818	8,055	1,296	3,490	6,495
30—40	80,955	72,318	72,333	56,711	2,869	926	5,753	14,681
40—50	51,318	49,491	44,229	27,966	1,055	453	6,034	21,072
50—60	30,726	28,416	24,921	10,462	545	213	5,260	17,747
60 and over	25,413	27,994	17,939	5,118	478	329	6,996	22,547

TABLE II—contd.

AGE AND CIVIL CONDITION. JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1931)

Age periods	Total Population		Married		Unmarried		Widowed or Divorced
Age periods	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
0—1	22,397	22,585	137	143	22,259	22,441	1	1
1—5	72,174	73,283	1,008	4,526	71,148	68,698	18	59
5—10	82,571	77,353	11,961	33,158	70,482	43,799	128	396
10—15	74,783	69,872	22,247	46,592	52,293	22,615	243	665
15—20	55,122	58,151	38,895	55,170	15,611	1,705	616	1,276
20—30	1,09,343	1,09,062	96.617	1,02,097	10,019	1,106	2,707	5,859
30—40	86,201	76,804	80,207	62,016	1,694	470	4,300	14,318
40—50	54,533	50,881	48,361	29,176	738	209	5,434	21,496
50—60	32,266	31,006	26,695	10,927	294	103	5,277	19,976
60 and over	23,303	24,345	16,869	4,678	167	78	6,267	19,589

TABLE II—contd.

AGE AND CIVIL CONDITION, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1941)

Age periods	Total Population		Unmarried		Married		Widowed or Divorced
Age periods	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
0—5	1,894	1,921	1,881	1,897	1	10	12	14
5—10	2,025	1,873	1,960	1,627	37	228	28	18
10—15	1,629	1,348	1,374	617	228	708	27	23
15—20	1,117	1,169	516	120	581	1,019	20	30
20—25	1,162	1,281	184	71	952	1,157	26	53
25—30	1,160	1,249	65	31	1,058	1,140	37	78
30—35	1,097	1,056	21	5	1,019	928	57	128
35—40	861	806	16	2	782	629	63	175
40—45	636	583	12	2	570	391	54	190
45—50	537	522	8	3	473	264	56	255
50—55	415	384	4	4	358	163	53	217
55—60	345	322	3	1	273	108	69	213
60—65	245	246	3	3	182	158	60	185
65—70	143	138	2	1	104	123	37	114
70 and over	189	190	5	1	121	20	63	169

TABLE II—contd.

AGE AND CIVIL CONDITION, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT (1951)

Age periods	Total Population		Married		Unmarried		Widowed or Divorced
Age periods	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
1—4	7,545	7,242	--	--	--	--	--	--
5—14	19,948	18,298	497	3,912	19,439	14,309	12	77
15—24	13,080	13,124	6,679	11,916	6,260	759	141	449
25-34	11,447	11,124	10,498	10,285	593	64	356	775
35-44	8,997	8,357	8,278	6,561	139	27	580	1,769
45—54	6,004	5,475	5,281	2,988	63	6	660	2,481
55—64	3,199	3,415	2,522	933	17	5	660	2,477
65—74	1,344	1,656	925	223	14	2	405	1,431
75 and over	478	556	265	37	2	--	211	519
Age not stated	9	12	4	4	5	6	--	2

TABLE III

LANGUAGE (MOTHER-TOUNGE), JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT

Languages	1911		1931		1951
Languages	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Marathi	4,27,022	4,26,199	4,73,368	4,61,625	6,39,213	6,23,239
Gujarathi	6,553	5,569	11,055	8,477	5,263	5,271
Urdu	--	--	--	--	66,190	64,555
Hindi	48,084	45,374	72,640	61,577	15,547	13,821
Bhili	15,505	14,869	17,482	16,627	5,155	4,647
Telugu	--	--	1,973	2,004	1,327	1,313
Sindhi	617	395	--	21	3,959	3,557
Rajasthani	8,265	6,369	17,089	13,486	8,028	7,060
Others	14,990	2,701	3,218	2,166	1,836	1,443
Gypsi	6,255	5,681	--	--	--	--
Ahirani	--	--	15,036	13,945	--	--
Malayalam	--	--	15	6,705	63	20

TABLE IV

POPULATION BY RELIGION FROM 1911 TO 1951, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT

Religion	1911		1921
Religion	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Hindus.	4,54,035	4,48,096	4,84,070	4,72,143
Jains	5,106	4,255	4,708	3,992
Musalmans	50,613	48,908	55,176	52,333
Christians	800	620	1,038	820
Others	11,365	11,088	797	760

continued..

Religion	1931		1941		1951
Religion	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
Hindus.	4,48,136	4,38,016	5,60,088	5,44,921	6,60,410	6,41,627
Jains	5,179	4,442	5,279	4,791	6,563	6,504
Musalmans	65,478	61,624	76,095	72,447	76,794	74,421
Christians	1,201	1,039	1,311	1,259	1,283	1,254
Others	756	675	31,055	30,476	1,402	1,093

TABLE V

POPULATION BY TALUKA FROM 1911 TO 1951, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT

Taluka	1911		1921		1931		1941		1951
Taluka	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
1 Amalner	43,775	42,069	46,274	45,198	55,031	52,883	63,631	61,935	73,390	71,282
2 Bhusaval	44,577	42,210	49,674	45,785	56,203	52,441	62,311	58,475	76,352	72,703
3 Edlabad	19,833	20,000	20,453	20,365	21,440	21,381	21,593	21,532	22,509	22,957
4 Chalisgaon	50,379	48,856	52,409	50,065	60,078	57,599	65,111	63,427	74,713	71,731
5 Chopda	41,211	41,477	41,371	41,436	44,806	44,681	49,318	48,391	54,229	54,662
6 Erandol	58,850	58,333	50,086	48,701	56,789	55,199	62,025	61,226	64,178	63,084
7 Jalgaon	47,888	46,153	50,516	47,448	60,505	55,935	71,287	66,731	84,771	79,761
8 Jamner	49,249	49,074	51,624	51,452	55,907	55,167	58,274	57,214	61,769	61,230
9 Pachora	38,152	37,792	42,900	41,748	47,432	45,413	49,232	48,002	53,463	61,695
10 Bhadgaon	22,572	21,932	22,913	22,105	25,316	24,500	26,118	25,613	28,478	27,752
11 Parola	22,516	22,421	30,844	29,419	32,873	32,153	37,388	35,930	34,797	33,280
12 Raver	40,019	40,279	41,886	41,804	47,074	47,003	53,029	52,646	59,201	58,473
13 Yava	42,898	42,371	44,839	44,522	49,239	48,987	54,061	52,772	58,302	56,889

TABLE VI

URBAN AREA, HOUSES AND INMATES—1951, JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT

Serial No.	Taluka or Peta	Area in square miles	Number of houses	Number of households	Total number of persons enumerated (including inmates of institutions and houseless persons)			Number of inmates of institutions and houseless persons
Serial No.	Taluka or Peta	Area in square miles	Number of houses	Number of households	Persons	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
1	Amalner	18.6	8,327	8,737	44,646	22,981	21,665	120	69
2	Bhadgaon	10.0	1,708	1,795	9,322	4,761	4,561	--	--
3	Bhusaval	25.5	11,863	15,568	71,677	36,975	34,702	250	241
4	Chalisgaon	5.0	4,243	5,974	30,345	15,866	14,479	394	183
5	Chopda	51.4	6,904	7,249	35,118	17,728	17,390	66	56
6	Edlabad	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
7	Erandol	36.1	7,363	8,456	43,202	21,683	21,519	135	121
8	Jalgaon	36.5	16,429	19,168	91,818	48,105	43,713	585	92
9	Jamner	47.1	5,581	6,109	29,362	14,920	14,442	60	11
10	Pachora	42.3	6,060	6,812	33,421	17,126	16,295	138	37
11	Parola	4.8	3,063	3,202	15,605	7,956	7,649	--	--
12	Raver	21.1	3,394	4,566	22,954	17,820	11,134	37	30
13	Yaval	33.2	5,998	7,907	39,956	20,585	19,371	116	79

TABLE VII

RURAL AREA, HOUSES AND INMATES—1951,JALGAON (EAST KHANDESH) DISTRICT

Serial No.	Taluka or Peta	Area in square miles	Number of houses	Number of households	Total number of persons enumerated (including inmates of institutions and houseless persons)			Number of inmates of institutions and houseless persons
Serial No.	Taluka or Peta	Area in square miles	Number of houses	Number of households	Persons	Males	Females	Males	Females
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
1	Amalner	305.9	18,745	19,761	1,00,026	50,409	49,617	493	373
2	Bhadgaon	185.5	8,739	9,069	46,901	23,717	23,184	301	240
3	Bhusaval	303.0	15,717	17,089	77,378	39,377	38,001	i62	145
4	Chalisgaon	455.4	21.120	22,442	1,16,099	58,847	57,252	522	423
5	Chopda	242.1	13,471	14,539	73,173	36,501	36,672	286	221
6	Edlabad	249.5	9,646	10,772	45,766	22,809	22,957	246	210
7	Erandol	332.7	16,348	17,429	84,060	42,495	41,565	462	383
8	Jalgaon	283.1	14,233	15,237	72,714	36,666	36,048	113	71
9	Jamner	474.0	19,425	21,954	93,637	46,849	46,788	187	165
10	Pachora	234.2	13,623	14,717	71,737	36,337	35,400	242	190
11	Parola	286.6	10,257	10,584	52,472	26,841	25,631	85	76
12	Raver	231.7	17,986	20,019	94,720	47,381	47,339	190	130
13	Yaval	225.3	14,714	15,780	75,235	37,717	37,518	158	155

URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION.

True to the general pattern of Indian life, Jalgaon is a district of villages which number 1,424. There are only 29 towns each having a population over 5.000 souls. None has a population of a lakh or over the highest population figure, viz., 68,412 being that of Jalgaon, the district town. Most of the towns still continue to have more a rural than an urban appearance. There is no big industrial centre in the district. Many Jalgaon villages had walls around them once but in most of them they have fallen in disrepair. In some cases no trace of these walls remains. Ruins of a stately gate or fortifications may occasionally be seen. Villages are mostly inhabited bY Kunbis (consisting of Leva Patidars or Marathas) and a couple of Marvadi or Gujarati shopkeepers. Harijans such as Mahars, Chambhars, Dhors and Mangs have separate localities on the outskirts of the villages. Bhils and Dhangars live mostly in the hills but some of them have settled down in the villages in the plains. Most of such Bhils are known as Tadvis and they are converts to Islam.

The towns are inhabited by the professional classes, Government servants, big tradesmen and employees in offices, banks, factories and establishments. Even then agriculturists form a considerable proportion of the population. All towns tend to be more or less cosmopolitan and caste and communal barriers that prevented social intercourse for centuries tend increasingly to get obliterated now under the impact of new social and economic developments. The railways and other transport services have, contributed greatly to this phenomenon. The liberalising influence of western learning is another contributing factor. The more urban the character of a locale the more is this phenomenon discernible. With the abolition of untouchability by law and with the guarantee of equality for all citizens as provided by the Constitution, man-made distinctions indicating superiority and inferiority by reason of mere birth are fast disappearing.

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