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ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
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INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE STATE in the last century consisted mostly in providing security of person and property and raising the revenue necessary for the purpose. In other words, Police, Jails and Judiciary representing security, and Land Revenue, Excise, Registration and Stamps, representing revenue formed the most important departments of the State. The Public Works department was the only other branch of sufficient importance, but its activities of construction and maintenance were, apart from roads and irrigation works, confined to buildings, required for the departments of Government. With the spread of Western education and the growth of political consciousness in the country, and as a result of the gradual association of a few Indians with some aspects of the work of Government, the demand arose for the expansion of Governmental activities into what were called "nation building" departments, namely, Education, Health, Agriculture, Co-operation, etc. In the twenties and thirties of this century, after the introduction of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms a greater emphasis came to be laid on the development of these departments. When, as a result of the Government of India Act of 1935, complete popularisation of the Provincial Government took place in 1937, the new Government attempted not only to expand the " nation-building " departments but also to take steps in the direction of creating what has now come to be generally described as a Welfare State. After the close of World War II and the attainment of independence by India in 1947, an all-out effort is being made to achieve a Welfare State as rapidly as possible and to build up a socially directed economy. The present activities of the State, therefore, require a much more elaborate system than what was felt to be necessary during the nineteenth century.
In the descriptions that follow in this chapter and in chapters 14-18, the departments of the State operating in the Ratnagiri district have been grouped into six categories, composed as follows:-
Chapter 13-Administrative Structure.-Land Revenue and
General Administration [This is composed of the Collector and his subordinate officers.] and Local Self-Government.
Chapter 14-Justice and Peace.-Judiciary, Police, Jails, and Social
Welfare (Correctional Wing).
Chapter 15-Revenue and Finance.-Land Records, Sales Tax,
Registration, Stamps, and Motor Vehicles.
Chapter 16-Developmental Departments.-Agriculture, Veterinary, Forests, Co-operation, Industrial Co-operatives and Village Indus-tries, Industries, Public Works, Road Transport and Fisheries.
Chapter 17-Welfare Departments.-Education, Technical and Industrial Training, Medical, Public Health, Labour, Prohibition and Excise, Social Welfare (Backward Class Wing), the Charity Commissioner and Community Projects and National Extension Service.
Chapter 18-Miscellaneous Departments.-Town Planning and Valuation, Publicity and Administration of Managed Estates.
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