The Gazetteers Department

FISH.—Ratnagiri district is one of the most important maritime districts of the State with the coastal belt extending to about 200 miles from Boria in the north to Reddi in the south. Fishing industry in the district is mainly dependent upon the exploitation of marine resources.

The district is considered under-developed in practically every field and fisheries is no exception to it. The area though rich in fishes has remained under-exploited mainly because of the age-old method of fishing by sail crafts. In addition to this, the state of under-development is due to lack of facilities in communication, transport and preservation. Illiteracy prevailing amongst the fishermen of the district is also one of the handicaps in the general development of fisheries.

Fish.

The ichtyological fauna of Ratnagiri is very rich comprising a good number of varieties. The estimated yearly fish catch of the district is 20,000 tons. Besides this, shell fisheries are also exploited in a number of creeks, backwaters and estuaries along the coast.

Fishing Gear.

Fishing gear of Ratnagiri district can be grouped under the following five main heads:—

(A) Gill nets; (B) Long lines; (C) Seine nets; (D) Bag nets; and (E) Cast nets.

Gill nets: Wavri net.—This is a surface drift net used all along the coast. This net consists of 20-25 pieces. Each piece varies from 140x240' in length and 15' in breadth. Mesh size is 3" to 4" (Stretched). The nets are made out of hemp and cotton twine, varying from 9-15 plies of 18 to 20 counts. The fishermen are gradually changing over to nylon gill nets made out of 210 to 250 Danier yarn of 9-12 plies. The approximate cost of each piece is estimated at between Rs. 25 to Rs. 40 for hemp and cotton twine and between Rs. 80 to Rs. 140 for nylon. The net is used for catching pomfrets, tuna, silver bar, seer fish, etc. These nets are used from September to December and late in summer during April and May.

Pas or Saranga Jal.—This is also a type of surface drift net and as the name indicates, is exclusively used for catching pomfrets. The net consists of 20-40 pieces, each piece measuring 240' in length and 15' in breadth with mesh size of 5" to 6". The material used in the construction of the gear is similar to that used for Wavri nets described above.

Ghol net—As the name suggests, the net is used mainly to catch Ghol fish. The net consists of 12 to 16 pieces, each piece measuring 120' in length and 10' in breadth with mesh size of 6".

Budi net.—This is a bottom set gill net made of hemp twine of 24 plies. As the net is used for catching big fishes like Sharks, Skates, Rays, etc., the mesh size is 8" to 9". Each unit consists of 7 to 10 pieces, each piece measuring 100' in length and 12' in breadth.

Long lines.—In this type of fishing Mustad hooks Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 6, 7, 8, 9 are most commonly used. Length of each line varies from 500' to 1,200' and about 100 hooks are suspended from one line. Seven to twelve such lines are used at a time. Hooks are baited with pieces of catfish, ribbon fish and squids depending upon the size of hooks to be used. It may be stated that this method of fishing has practically replaced fishing by bottom set gill nets, which are rather expensive compared with long lines. Main varieties of fish caught by long lines fishing are catfishes, port hole fishes and sharks.

Seine Nets: Rampan net (Shore seine).—The net consists of three pieces known as (i) Karel, (ii) Modan, and (iii) Ghol; their measurements are as follows:—

Piece.	Length.	Height.	Mesh.
Karel	24'	18' to 27'	1�"
Modan	21'	28' to 30'	1"
Ghol	18'	31' to 33'	�" to �"

In Rampan net of 100 pieces, Karel part consists of 60 pieces; Modan consists of 22 pieces and Ghol consists'of 18 pieces. Rampan nets which are used at Malvan and Devbag consist of 200 to 300 pieces of the abovementioned components. Approximately 30 to 40 persons are required for dragging the net. Material used for making the gear is hemp and cotton twine. The net is used for catching shoal fishes like mackerel and sardines.

Dhangad Jal—This is another type of seine net consisting of 7 to 8 pieces, each piece measuring 100' in length and 12' in breadth having a mesh size of 7" to 8". The net is constructed of hemp twine and is used for catching Karel and surmai.

Jot net.—The method of operation of this net is very similar to that of 'purse-seine'. The net is 60' in length and approximately 9' in breadth. The mesh size varies from �" to 1�" and is prepared out of hemp twine. The net is exclusively used at Malvan, an important fishing centre, south of Ratnagiri. The fishes caught are jew fish and catfish.

Bag Nets.—Dol.—This is a funnel shaped net and consists of five distinct portions, viz., (1) Mhor; (2) Chirate; (3) Katra; (4) Majola and (5) Khola. The mesh size diminishes from 9" to �" from Mhor to Khola. The length of the net varies from 80' to 120' and is fixed with the help of sus (barrels). Dol is used only from Bankot to Dabhol because of a fairly strong current prevailing in the area. Fishes caught in the net are jew fish, ribbon fish, mandeli, Bombay ducks and Prawns.

Bokshi.—This is a miniature dol net operated in the creeks.

Cast Net.—Pag.—The net is prepared from cotton twine and has a circumference of 125' and a radius of 12' to 18'. Mesh size varies from 1/8" to 1". Fishes caught in the net are sardines, mackerels and prawns.

Fishing Season.

Fishing season commences from September and lasts till the end of May. There is practically no fishing in the monsoon except in the creeks. Sharks, skates, rays, mackerels, sardines, tuna, surmai pomfret, karel, dagol and catfish form the main varieties of the district.

(1) Sharks, skates and rays.—They are caught throughout the fishing season with the help of long-lines and bottom-set gill-nets.

(2) Mackerel and sardine.—They are caught in the Rampan-nets from November to February.

(3) Tuna and Surmai.—They are caught in the surface drift-nets from September to December.

(4) Pomfrets.—They are caught in surface as well as bottom-set gill-nets from September to December and April-May.

(5) Silver bar or Karli—These are mostly caught in bottom-set gill-nets from January to May.

(6) Dagol and catfishes.—These are mostly caught by long-lines throughout the fishing season.

Fishermen.

The total population of fishermen in the district is estimated at 70.000, out of which about 14,000 are active fishermen. The fishermen are scattered in 118 fishing villages along the coast. The fishermen belong to the Bhoi, Koli, Kharvi, Gabit, Muslim and 'Christian communities.

With a view to provide educational facilities to fishermen's children, the Fisheries department has established fisheries schools at Ratnagiri, Sakrinata, Mithbao and Tarkarli,

Disnosal of catch.

Facilities for preservation such as cold storage are lacking in the district. However, the Department of Fisheries has provided preservation facilities by establishing 21 fish curing yards along the coast where fish are cured with salt under the supervision of depart- mental staff. At present curing of fish by salt is the only effective method in the district, by which supplies of fish available during the season at coastal places can be made available throughout the year. Approximately 5,000 tons of fish are cured annually.

Besides meeting the local demand for the market places at Chiplun, Sangameshwar, Lanje, Kankavli, Phonda and Sawantwadi, Ratnagiri fish is also transported outside the district to Mahad, Miraj, Kolhapur, Karad, Satara, Belgaum, etc. About 1,731 tons (50,000 maunds) of fish are usually transported in the aforesaid manner.

Wet salted fish is despatched in considerable quantities to the Madras State for consumption or for subsequent export to Ceylon and elsewhere.

Dry unsalted fish, which is the cheapest, is consumed by the poorest class in the interior. Dabhol, Bankot and Vijayadurg are very large centres for the collection of dry fish. The fish is sent to the interior markets in the district and to the markets in the neighbouring districts like Kolaba and Kolhapur.

Co-operative Societies.

There are twelve fishermen's co-operative societies in the district. The co-operative movement in the district, however, has not been able to make desired progress because most of the societies do not possess the necessary funds to carry out the development programme. The schemes under Konkan Vikas, however, are likely to give necessary impetus to the co-operative societies.

Konkan Vikas Programme.

Under Konkan Vikas Programme the Fisheries Department will be undertaking exploratory fishing by modern type of fishing craft and gear, establishment of ice and cold storage, provision of transport facilities and supply of fishery requisites at subsidised rates. The monetary costs involved in Konkan Vikas schemes for Ratnagiri district is estimated at Rs. 12.5 lakhs.

Research.

The commercial development of fisheries postulates scientific investigation of fishery problems such as life histories of important food fishes available in the locality, their, spawning grounds, feeding habits, seasonal migrations brought about by such factors as changes in the planktonic food, chemical nature of water and the population studies of different groups of fish, etc. With this object in view the Fisheries Department has established the Marine Biological Research Station, at Ratnagiri, where research on various aspects of fisheries has been taken up.

Common Species found.

THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST [The list has been prepared by Curator, Marine Biological Research Station, Ratnagiri.] OF FISHES FOUND IN THE RATNAGIRI DISTRICT.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Class : ELASMOBRANCHII.
Sub-class: SELACHII.
Order: LAMNIFORMES.
Family: Orectolobidae.
Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin.) = Day: Chiloscyllium indicum	Sunera.
Chiloscyllium griseum (Mull. & Hml.)	Sunera.
Family: Carcharinidae.
Galeocerda cuvieri (Le Sueur.) = Day: Galeocerdo tigrinus	Waghbeer.
Scoliodon sorrakowah (Cuvier) = Day: Garcharias laticaudus	Sonmushi.
Eulamia melanoptera (Quoy and Gaimard) = Day: Carcharias melanopterus	Balda.
Eulamia limbatus (Muller and Henle) = Day: Carcharias limbatus	Mushi.
Family: Sphyrnidae.
Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier) = Day: Zygaena blochii	Kanmushi.
Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes) = Day: Zygaena tudes	Kanmushi.
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus) = Day: Zygaena malleus	Kanmushi.
Order: RAJIFORMES.
Family: Rhinobatidae.
Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forskal) = Day: Rhynchobatus djiddensis	Lanj.
Rhinobatos granulatus (Cuvier) = Day: Rhinobatus granulatus	Ranja.
Family : Pristidae.
Pristis cuspidatus (Latham) = Day: Pristis cuspidatus	Nali.

Scientific Name	Vernacular Name
Family : Trygonidae.
Gymnura poesilura (Shaw) = Day: Pteroplatea micrura	Pakat.
Pastinachus sephen (Forskal) = Day: Trygon sephen	Pakat.
Amphotistius zugei (Muller and Henle) = Day: Trygon bleekeri	Pakat.
Himantura uarnak (Forskal)	Waghya Pakat.
Family : Myliobatidae.
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen) = Day: Aetobatis narinari	Bolad.
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider) = Day: Myliobatis neiuhofii	Bolad.
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray) = Day: Myliobatis maculata	Waghali.
Family : Mobulidae.
Mobula diabolus (Shaw) = Day: Dicerobatis eregodoo	Bolad.
Order: TORPEDINIFORMES.
Family : Torpedinidae.
Narke dipterygia (Bloch and Schneider) B = Day: Astrape dipterygia	Bijali.
Class: TELEOSOTOMI.
Sub-class: AcTINOPTERYGII.
Order: CLUPEIFORMES.
Family: Elopidae.
Elops machnata (Forskal) = Day: Elops saurus	--
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet) = Day: Megalops cyprinoides	Chirai.
Family: Clupeidae.
Kowala coval (Cuvier) = Day: Clupes lile	Bhiljee.
Tenuahsa sinensis (Linnaeus) = Day: Clupea toli	Bhing.
Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton Buchanan) = Day: Clupea Ilisha	Palla.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes) = Day: Clupea longiceps	Tarli, Haid.
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes) = Day: Clupea fimbriata	Pedwa.
Sardinella dayi (Regan.) = Day: Clupea dayi	--
Sardinella sindensis (Day) = Day: Clupea sindensis	--
Euplatygaster indica (Swainson) = Day: Pellona indica	Gubar.
Opisthopterus tordoore (Cuvier) = Day: Opisthopterus tartoor	Paturda.
Family : Dussumieridae.
Dussumieria acuta (Valenciennes) = Day: Dussumieria acuta	Toak.
Dussumieria hasselti (Bleeker) = Day: Dussumieria hasselti	Toak.
Family: Engraulidae.
Coilia dussmieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes) = Day: Coilia dussumieri	Mandeli.
Thrissocles malabarica (Bloch) = Day: Engraulis malabaricus	Kati.
Thrissocles mystax (Bloch and Schneider) = Day: Engraulis mystax	Dandetar.
Thrissocles setirostris (Broussonet) = Day: Engraulis setirostris.	Dandetar.
Thrissocles dussmieri (Valenciennes) = Day: Engraulis dussmieri	Kati.
Thrissocles purava (Hamilton) = Day: Engraulis purava	Kaval.
Anchoviella tri (Bleeker) = Day: Engraulis tri	Dindas.
Family: Chirocentridae.
Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal) = Day: Chirocentrus dorab	Karli.
Order: SCOPELIFORMES.
Family: Synodontidae.
Trachinocephalus myops (Bloch and Schneider). = Day: Saurus mypos	Chor-Bombil

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Saurida tumbli (Bloch) = Day: Saurida tumbli	Chor-Bombil
Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton and Buchanan). = Day: Harpodon nehereus	Bombil.
Order: CYPRINIFORMES.
Sub-order: SILUROIDEI.
Family : Plotosidae.
Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch) = Day: Plotosus arab	Nar Shingali.
Plotosus canius (Hamilton and Buchanan) = Day: Plotosus canius	Nar Shingali.
Family : Tachysuridae.
Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus) = Day: Osteogeniosus militaris.	Shingala.
Tachysurus sumatranus (Bennett) = Day: Arius sumatranus	Shingala.
Tachysurus caelatus (Valenciennes) = Day: Arius caelatus	Shingala.
Tachysurus nenga (Hamilton) = Day: Arius nenga	Shingala.
Netuma thalassinus (Ruppell) = Day: Arius thalassinus	Shingala.
Netma seratus (Day) = Day: Arius serratus	Shingala.
Ariodes dussumieri (Valenciennes) = Day: Arius dussumieri	Shingala.
Pseudarius jella (Day) = Day: Arius jella	Shingala.
Hexanematichthys sona (Hamilton) = Day: Arius sagot	Shingala.
Order: ANGUILLIFORMES.
Family : Muraenidae.
Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoidea (Bleeker) = Day: Muraena pseudothyrsoidea	Kilis.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family: Muraenesocidae.
Muraenosox talabonoides (Bleeker) = Day: Muraenosox talabonoides	Wam.
Family: Congridae.
Ariosoma anago (Schlegal) = Day: Congromuraens anago	--
Uroconger lepturus (Richardson) = Day: Uroconger lepturus	--
Family: Ophichthyidae.
Ophichthys boro (Hamilton and Buchanan) = Day: Ophichthys boro	Munderi.
Order: BELONIFORMES.
Family : Belonidae.
Thalassosteus appendiculatus (Klunzinger)	--
Tylosurus strongylurus (Van Hasselt) = Day: Belone strongylurus	Tali.
Tylosurus choram (Forskal) = Day: Belone choram	Tali.
Family : Hemirhamphidae.
Hyporhamphus xanthopterus (Valenciennes) = Day: Hemirhamphus xanthapterus	Sumb.
Hyporchmphus gaimardi (Valenciennes) = Day: Hemirhamphus limbatus	Sumb.
Hemirhamphus cantori (Bleeker) = Day: Hemirhamphus cantori	Sumb.
Hemirhamphus leucopterus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Hemirhamphus leucopterus	Sumb.
Family : Exocoetidae.
Cypselurus poecilopterus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Exocoetus poecilopterus	Pakharu.
Order: GADIFORMES.
Family : Gadidae.
Asthenurus atripinnis (Tickell) = Day: Bregmaceros atripinnis	--

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Order: SYGNATHIEORMES.
Sub-order: AULOSTOMOIDEL
Family: Fistularidae.
Fistularia villosa (Klunzinger) = Day: Fistularia serrata.	--
Sub-order: SYNGNATHOIDEI.
Family : Syngnathidae.
Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach) = Day: Hippocampus trimaculatus.	Ghoda Masa.
Hippocampus kuda (Bleeker) = Day: Hippocampus guttulatus	Ghoda Masa.
Syngnathus intermedins (Kaup) = Day: Syngnathus intermedins	--
Order: CYPRINODONTIFORMES.
Family ; Cyprinodontidae.
Panchax lineatus dayi (Steindachner) = Day: Haplochilus lineatus	Piku
Order: BERYCIFORMES.
Family : Holocentridae.
Holocentrus rubrum (Forskal) = Day: Holocentrum rubrum	--
Order: MUGILIEORMES.
Family: Sphyraenidae.
Sphyraena jello (Cuvier) = Day: Sphyraena jello	Badvi.
Family: Mugilidae.
Mugil kelaartii (Gunther) = Day: Mugil kelaartii	Boi.
Liza waigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard) = Day: Mugil waigiensis	Boi.
Mugil carinatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) = Day: Mugil carinatus	Boi.
Mugil cunnesius (Cuvier and Valenciennes) = Day: Mugil cunnesius	Boi.
Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus) =Day: Mugil oeur.	Boi.
Mugil speigleri (Bleeker) = Day: Mugil speigleri	Boi.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family: Atherinidae.
Allanetia forskali (Ruppell) = Day: Atherina forskalii	--
Order: POLUNEMIFORMES.
Family: Polynemidae.
Polynemus heptadactylus (Cuvier) = Day: Polynemus heptadactylus	--
Polynemus sextarius (Bloch) =Day: Polynemus sextarius	--
Polynemus plebeius (Broussonet) = Day: Polynemus plebeius	--
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw) = Day: Polynemus tetradactylus	Rawas.
Order: PERCIFORMES.
Sub-order: PERCOIDEI.
Family: Latidae.
Lates calcarifer (Bloch) = Day: Lates calcarifer	Jitada.
Family : Ambassidae.
Ambassis commersoni (Cuvier) = Day: Ambassis commersoni	Kachki.
Family: Serranidae.
Promicrops lanceolatus (Bloch) = Day: Serranus lanceolatus	Gobra.
Epinephelus dicanthus (Valencinnes) = Day: Serranus dicanthus	Gobra.
Epinephelus malabaricus (Schneider) = Day: Serranus malabaricus.	Gobra.
Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch) = Day: Serranus maculatus	Gobra.
Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy and Gaimard) = Day: Serranus undulosus	Gobra.
Ephinephelus boenack (Bloch) = Day: Serranus boenack	Gobra.
Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal) = Day: Serranus salmoides	Gobra.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family : Theraponidae.
Therapon jarbua (Forskal) = Day: Therapon jarbua	Naveri.
Autisthes puta (Cuvier) = Day: Therapon puta	Naveri.
Eutherapon theraps (Cuvier) = Day: Therapon theraps	Daddada.
Family : Priacanthidae.
Priacanthus hamrur (Forskal)	--
Family : Apogonidae.
Apogon fasciatus (White) = Day: Apogon fasciatus	Kombada.
Apogon frenatus (Valenciennes) = Day: Apogon frenatus	Kombada.
Archamia macropterus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Apogon macropterus	Kombada.
Apogon kalasoma (Bleeker) = Day: Apogon kalasoma	Kombada.
Family: Sillaginidae.
Sillago sihama (Forskal) = Day: Sillago sihama	Renvi.
Family: Lactariidae.
Lactarius lactarius (Schneider) = Day: Lactarius delicatulus	Sundala.
Family: Carangidae.
Magalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) = Day: Caranx rotileri.	Katkata Bangada.
Atropus atropus (Bloch) = Day: Caranx atropus	Kat Bangada.
Selar kalla (Cuvier) = Day: Caranx kalla	Kat Bangada.
Selar mate (Cuvier) = Day: Caranx affinis	Kat Bangada.
Selar djeddaba (Forskal) = Day: Caranx djeddaba	Shitap.
Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch) = Day: Caranx malabaricus	Shitap.
Caranx melampygus (Cuvier) = Day: Caranx melampygus	Shitap.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Caranx carangus (Bloch) = Day: Caranx carangus	Shitap.
Decaterus russelli (Ruppell) = Day: Caranx kurra	Shitap.
Chorinemus lysan (Forskal) = Day: Chorinemus lysan	Dogal.
Chorinemus tol (Cuvier) = Day: Chorinemus moadetta	Dogal.
Chorinemus tala (Cuvier) = Day: Chorinemus taloo	Dogal.
Trachinotus blochi (Lacepede) = Day: Trachynotus ovatus	Lodgoo.
Trachinotus bailloni (Lacepede) = Day: Trachynotus bailloni	Lodgoo.
Zonichthys nigrofasciata (Ruppell) = Day: Sriola nigrofasciata	--
Seriolichthys nipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard) = Day: Seriolichthys bipinnulatus	--
Family: Rachycentridae.
Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus) = Day: Elacate nigra	Modusa.
Family: Menidae.
Mene maculata (Bloch) = Day: Mene maculata	Chand.
Family: Lutianidae
LUTIANUS JOHNI (Bloch) = Day: Lutianus johnii	Chavri Tamb
Lutianus arentimaculatus (Forskal) = Day: Lutianus argentimaculatus	Tamb.
Lutianus rivulatus (Cuvier) = Day: Lutianus rivulatus	Tamb.
Lutianus chrysotaenia (Bleeker) = Day: Lutianus chrysotaenia	Tamb.
Lutianus quinquilineatus (Bloch) = Day: Lutianus quinquilineatus	Tamb.
Lutianus roseus (Day)	Tambusa.
Family: Nemipteridae.
Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) =Day: Sunagris japonicus	Bamni.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family: Gerridae.
Gerremorpha setifer (Hamilton-Buchanan) = Day: Gerres setifer	Charbat.
Pertica filamentosa (Cuvier) = Day: Gerres filamentosus	Charbat.
Genes abbreviatus (Bleeker) = Day: Gerres abbreviatus	Charbat.
Family: Leiogmathidae.
Secutor insidiator (Bloch) = Day: Equula insidiatrix	Kap.
Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes) = Day: Equula blochii	Kap.
Leiognathus bindus (Valenciennes) =Day: Equula bindus	Kap.
Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepede) = Day: Equula fasciata	Kap.
Family: Pomadasyidae.
Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch) = Day: Pristipoma maculatum	Karkara.
Pomadasys hasta (Bloch) = Day: Pristipoma hasta	Karkara.
Family: Plectorhynchidae.
Pseudopristipoma nigra (Cuvier) = Day: Diagramma Crassispium	Harvil.
Spilotichthys puctus (Thunberg) = Day: Diagramma pictus	Harvil.
Family: Sciaenidae.
Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier) = Day: Sciaena glaucus	Dhoma.
Johnius diacanthus (Lacepede) = Day: Sciaena diacanthus	Ghal.
Johnius sina (Cuvier) = Day: Sciaena sina	Ghal.
Otolithus argenteus (Cuvier) = Day: Otolithus argenteus	Dhoma, Dhodi.
Otolithus ruber (Schneider) = Day: Otolithus ruber	Dhoma.
Otolithoides brunneus (Day) = Day: Sciaenoides brunneus	Koth.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family: Sparidae.
Argyrops spinifer (Forskal) = Day: Pagrus spinifer	--
Rhabdosargus sarha (Forskal) = Day: Chrysophrys Sarba	Palu.
Acanthopagrus berda (Forskal) =Day: Chrysophrys berda	Khadak Palu.
Family: Mullidae.
Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier) = Day: Upeneoides sulphureus	Chiri.
Family : Pempheridae.
Pempheris moluca (Cuvier) = Day: Pemheris moluca	Kombada.
Family: Ephippidae.
Ephippus orbis (Bloch) = Day: Ephippus orbis	Chand.
Family: Platacidae.
Platax teira (Forskal) = Day: Platax teira	Kawala.
Family: Drepanidae.
Drepane punctata (Linnaeus) = Day: Drepane punctata	Chand.
Family: Scatophagidae.
Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) = Day: Scatophagus argus	Wada.
Family: Pomacanthidae.
Pomacanthodes annularis (Bloch) = Day: Holocanthus annularis	Chand.
Pomacanthodes nicobariensis (Bloch and Schneidar). = Day: Holocanthus nicobariensis	Chand.
Family: Chaetodontidae.
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus) = Day: Heniochus macrolepidotus	--
Linophora auriga (Forskal) = Day: Chaetodon auriga	Chandwa.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Linophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) = Day: Chaetodon pictus	Chandwa.
Chaetodontops collaris (Bloch) = Day: Chaetodon collaris	Chandwa.
Family: Cichlidae.
Etoplus suratensis (Bloch) = Day: Etroplus suratensis	Kalundar.
Family : Pomacentridae.
Abudefduf saxatilis vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard). = Day: Glyphidodon caelestinus	Kavandal.
Abudefduf leucopleura (Day) = Day: Glyphidodon leucopleura	Kavandal.
Family: Labridae.
Platyglossus dussumieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Platyglossus dussumieri	Popat.
Labroides dimidiatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Labroides dimidiatus	--
Sub-order: BLENNIOIDEI.
Family: Blenniidae.
PETROSCIRTES punctatus (Cuvier and Velen-ciennes). = Day: Petroscirtes punctatus	--
Istiblennius dussumieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Salarius dussumieri	--
Sub-order: CALLIONYMEDEI.
Family: Callionymidae.
Callionymus sagitta (Pallas) = Day: Callionymus agitta	--
Sub-order: SIGANOIDEI.
Family: Siganidae.
Siganus oramin (Bloch and Schneider) = Day: Teuthis cramin	Mutri.
Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes) = Day: Teuthis vermiculatus	Thaus, Kuwar.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Siganus margaritifera (Cuvier and Valenciennes). = Day: Teuthis margaritifera	--
Siganus marmorata (Quoy and Gaimard) = Day: Teuthis marmorata	Dhagvir.
Sub-order: ACANTHUROIDEI.
Family : Acanthuridae.
Acanthurus gahm (Forskal) =Day: Acanthurus mata	Suraiya.
Sub-order: THICHIUROIDEI.
Family: Trichicuridae.
Thichiurus savala (Cuvier) = Day: Trichiurus savala	Wagti.
Trichiurus haumela (Forskal) = Day: Trichiurus hammela	Bala.
Sub-order: SCOMBROIDEI.
Family: Scombridae.
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) = Day: Scomber microlepidotus	Bangda.
Family: Kalsuwonidae.
Auxis thazard (Lacepede)	Gedri.
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor) = Day: Thynnus thunnina	Bibbya Gedar.
Family: Thunnidae.
Neothunnus macropterus (Schlegel) = Day: Thynnus macropterus	Khavlya Gedar.
Family : Scomberomoridae.
Cybium commersoni (Lacepede) = Day: Cybium commersonii	Surmai, Towar Iswan.
Indocybium guttatum (Bloch and Schneider) =Day: Cybium guttatum	Surmai, Towar Iswan.
Family: Histiophoridae.
Histiophorus gladius (Broussonet) = Day Histiophorus gladius	Tadmasa.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Sub-order: STROMATEOIDEI.
Family : Stromateidae.
Pampus or gentus (Euphrasen) = Day: Stromateus cinereus	Paplet.
Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen) = Day: Stromateus sinensis	Halwa.
Parastromateus niger (Bloch) = Day: Stromateus niger	Saranga.
Sub-order: GOBIOIDEI.
Family : Eleotridae.
Butis butts (Hamilton-Buchanan) = Day: Eleotris amboinensis.	--
Family: Gobiidae.
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton and Buchanan) = Day: Gobius giuris	Kharbi.
Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes) = Day: Gobius viridipunctatus	--
Gobius criniger (Cuvier and Valenciennes) = Day: Gobius criniger	--
Acentrogobius neilli (Day)	--
Awaous stamineus (Valenciennes) = Day: Gobius striatus	--
Parachaeturichthys ocellatus (Day) = Day: Gobius ocellatus	--
Family: Periophthalmidae.
Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas) = Day: Periophthalmus schlosseri	--
Family: Trypauchenidae.
Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider) = Day: Trypauchon vagina	--
Sub-order: COTTOIDEI.
Family: Scorpaenidae.
Pterois russelli (Bennett) = Day: Pterois russellii	Kombada.
Scorpaenopsis roseus (Day) = Day: Scorpaenopsis rosea	Kombada.
Scorpaenopsis cirhosus (Thenberg) = Day: Scorpaenopsis oxycephala	Kombada.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Family: Platycephalidae.
Suggrundus macracanthus (Bleeker) = Day: Platycephalus macracanthus	Mench.
Thysanophrys crocodilus (Tilesius) = Day: Platycephalus punctatus	Mench.
Order: PLEURONECTIFORMES.
Family: Psettodidae.
Psettodes erumei (Bloch) = Day: Pesttodes erumei	Bhakas.
Family: Bothidae.
Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch) = Day: Pseudorhombus triocellatus	Lep.
Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton and Buchanan). = Day: Pseudorhombus arsius	Lep.
Family: Soleidae.
Zabrias quagga (Kaup) = Day: Synaptura zebra	Lep.
Solea ovata (Richardson) = Day: Solea ovata	Lep.
Family: Cynoglossidae.
Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch) = Day: Palgusia mamorata	Lep.
Cynoglossus brachycephalus (Bleeker) = Day: Cynoglossus brevirostris	Lep.
Cynoglossus brevis (Gunther) = Day: Cynoglossus brevis	Lep.
Cynoglossus semifasciatus (Day) = Day: Cynoglossus semifascitus	Lep.
Cynoglossus lingua (Hamilton-Buchanan) = Day: Cynoglossus lingua	Lep.
Cynoglossus dispar: Day	Lep.
Order: MASTACEMBELIFORMES.
Family : Mastacembelidas.
Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) = Day: Mastacembelus armatus	Ahir.

Scientific Name.	Vernacular Name.
Order: ECHENEIFORMES.
Family : Echeneidae.
Echeneis naucrates (Linnaeus) = Day: Echeneis naucrates	Lachuk.
Order: TETRADONTIFORMES.
Sub-order: BALISTOIDEI.
Family : Triacanthidae.
Triacanthus brevirostris (Schlegal) = Day: Triacanthus brevirostris	Bail.
Family: Aluteridae.
Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (Bleeker) = Day: Monacanthus choerocephalus	--
Sub-order: OSTOACIODEI.
Family: Ostraciontidae.
Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus) = Day: Ostracion cornutus	Gai.
Sub-order: TETRADONTOIDEL
Family: Lagocephalidae.
Torquigener oblongus (Bloch) = Day: Tetrodon oblongus	Kend.
Gastrophysus Lunaris (Bloch) = Day: Tetrodon lunaris	Kend.
Family: Tetraodontidae.
Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton and Buchanan) = Day: Tetrodon patoca	Kend.
Arothron immaculatus (Bloch) = Day: Tetrodon immaculatus	Kend.
Order: BATRACHOIDIFORMES.
Family: Batracholdidae.
Batrachus grunniens (Linnaeus) = Day : Batrachus grunniens	Gongcha.

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