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AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION |
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CO-OPERATIVE FARMING
Factors like increasing pressure of population on land, uneconomic size of holding, primitive and unscientific methods of cultivation, inequitable distribution of land, poverty and ignorance of the peasantry, etc., are the major impediments that stand in the way of implementation of the planned agricultural production in India. However, co-operative farming which implies pooling together of the scattered and uneconomic holdings of land and their joint management will go a long way towards the progress of agriculture. There are four types of co-operative farming societies which are described in the following paragraphs. They are: (1) better farming society, (2) tenant farming society, (3) joint farming society, and (4) collective farming society.
Better-farming Society.
The better-farming society could be said to form the basis of the co-operative farming programme. The main object of it is to educate and to prepare the farmers to accept the new system of farming. For this, they organise demonstrations of improved methods of agriculture. Use of improved seeds, manures and implements is the most common activity undertaken by these societies. Besides this, a number of other activities such as disposal of farm produce at reasonable prices, purchase of occupational requisites, etc., are also undertaken. Under this type of co-operative farming, the ownership and management of land rest with the individual.
Co-operative Tenant Farming Society.
The co-operative tenant farming society provides its members with facilities such as finance, implements, seed, etc. The society owns land or gets it on lease, but it does not undertake farming. Land is divided into blocks and each block is given on rent to a cultivator who cultivates according to the plan laid down by the society.
Co-operative joint Farming Society.
The joint-farming societies are suitable to solve the problem of fragmentation of land and the cultivation of uneconomic
holdings. The land of small owners is pooled together increasing thereby the size of the unit of cultivation.
The members of the society work jointly on the pooled land according to the programme of the society. The cultivators who work on the farm receive wages for their labour. As against the proprietorship of land, the owner cultivators get dividend or rent in proportion to the value of the land. The common functions of these types of societies are planning of crop programmes, joint purchase of farm requisites, joint cultivation, raising of funds for the improvement of land and joint sale of farm produce. The small owners of land are encouraged to pool their land so as to form a large unit of cultivation. The society can also purchase or take on lease land for cultivation. Out of the proceeds received from the disposal of the produce, all the expenses of cultivation including payment for the use of land, wages and cost of management are met first. Provision for interest on borrowings, depreciation of wasting
assets, previous losses and for reserves and other funds is also made. The residue is then shared by members in proportion to the wages earned by each after utilising a part thereof towards the payment of bonus to the salaried staff.
Co-operative Collective Farming Society.
The society owns land or gets it on lease and it is collectively cultivated by its members. Most of these societies are organised on Government waste lands. Members get wages for their work and in the case of profits a bonus is paid in proportion to their wages. No dividend is paid on the share capital. The members of the collective farming society do not have any ownership or proprietary rights in the land.
The organisational position of co-operative farming in Sangli district as on 30th June 1963 was as follows: —
Of the 16 co-operative farming societies 10 were co-operative collective farming and six were co-operative joint farming societies. Eight collective farming societies were organised by backward class people. Out of the 16 societies nine collective farming societies and two joint farming societies were actually working while four were newly registered and one was defunct.
As the co-operative farming societies depend mainly on the Government lands which are leased out on short-term basis and which are generally on hilly slopes where considerable labour and money are required for cultivation, the progress of the movement is, slow. Only one co-operative farming society at Salagare in Miraj taluka had land on a permanent basis.
The total membership of these 16 societies stood at 558 as on 30th June 1963 and the share capital at Rs. 55,915. The financial assistance made available to these societies during the preceding three years was as under—
| |
1960-61 |
1961-62 |
1962-63 |
Rs. |
Rs. |
Rs. |
(1) Government share capital | 10,000 |
14,000 |
14,000 | (2) Government loan |
46,077 |
46,077 |
94,577 | (3) Government subsidy |
73,220 |
74,278 |
84,278 |
The position of all these types of societies in the district till 31st March 1963, is summarised in detail in the following table.
TABLE NO. 19.
DETAILS OF COOPERATIVE FARMING SOCIETIES IN SANGLI DISTRICT.
|
Serial No. |
Name of the Society |
Place |
Year
of Establish-ment |
Number of members |
Total | |
Working persons |
Landless persons |
Land owners |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
1 |
Mangle B. C. Co-operative Collective Fanning Society, Ltd. |
Mangle |
23-4-53 |
35 |
-- |
-- |
35 |
2 |
Karungali B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Karungali |
14-4-53 |
16 |
-- |
-- |
16 |
3 |
Kharsing B. C. Co-operative Collective Fanning Society, Ltd. |
Kharsing |
26-8-55 |
61 |
37 |
24 |
61 |
4 |
Salgare Co-operative Collective Fanning Society, Ltd. |
Salgare |
28-2-56 |
47 |
40 |
7 |
47 |
5 |
Kharsing Dandnath Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Kharsing |
4-2-58 |
60 |
4 |
56 |
60 |
6 |
K. Digraj B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
K. Digrai |
5-5-53 |
-- |
95 |
-- |
95 |
7 |
Utagi B.
C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Utagi |
25-3-53 |
25 |
25 |
-- |
25 |
8 |
Sankh
B. C. Co-operative Collective Fanning Society, Ltd. |
Sankh |
22-9-55 |
24 |
24 |
1 |
25 |
9 |
Girish Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd., Halli |
Halli |
10-1 0-50 |
25 |
47 |
12 |
59 |
10 |
Ped Matang Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd., Ped |
Ped |
17-9-48 |
34 |
9 |
25 |
34 |
11 |
Ralras Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Waghapur |
Waghapur |
6-3-53 |
22 |
2 |
22 |
24 |
12 |
Jyotirling Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Yede-Nipani |
Yede-Nipani |
9-1-61 |
21 |
-- |
21 |
21 |
13 |
Rajaram Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd.,Kontyava-Boblad |
Kontyava-Boblad |
30-11-62 |
11 |
4 |
7 |
11 |
14 |
Yeshwant Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Muchandi |
Muchandi |
16-3-63 |
16 |
13 |
8 |
21 |
15 |
Vijay Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Kosari |
Kosari |
30-11-62 |
11 |
4 |
7 |
11 |
TABLE No. 19-contd.
|
Serial No. |
Name of the Soci.ty |
Place |
Land in possession in hectares |
Land cultivated |
|
Govt. |
Private |
Govt. |
Private |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
(12) |
1 |
Mangle B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Mangle |
141.332 |
-- |
23.471 |
-- |
|
(349-24) |
(58-00) |
2 |
Karangali B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Karungali |
54.701 |
-- |
32.375 |
-- |
|
(135-17) |
(80.00) |
3 |
Kharsing B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Kharsing |
150.179 |
-- |
74.867 |
-- |
|
(371-10) |
(185-00) |
4 |
Salgare Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Salgare |
124.732 |
-- |
102.385 |
-- |
|
(308-22) |
(253-00) |
5 |
Kharsing Dandnath Co-operative Collective Farming Society Ltd. |
Kharsing |
236.773 |
-- |
80.937 |
-- |
|
(585-08) |
(200-00) |
6 |
K. Digraj B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
K. Digraj |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
7 |
Utagi B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Utagi |
68.849 |
22.278 |
58.679 |
14.568 |
|
(170-13) |
(55-05) |
145.00) |
(36-00) |
8 |
Sankh B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Sankh |
93.077 |
-- |
75.271 |
-- |
|
(230-00) |
(186-00) |
9 |
Girish Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd., Halli. |
Halli |
119.447 |
-- |
115.335 |
-- |
|
(295-16) |
|
(285-00) |
|
10 |
Ped Matang Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd., Ped. |
Ped |
78.913 |
-- |
14.568 |
-- |
|
(195-00) |
|
(36-00) |
|
11 |
Ralras Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Waghapur. |
Waghapur |
35.766 |
-- |
20.234 |
-- |
|
(88-38) |
(50-00) |
12 |
Jyotirling Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Yede-Nipani |
Yede-Nipani |
51.832 |
-- |
36.421 |
-- |
|
(128-08) |
(90-00) |
13 |
Rajaram Co-operative Joint F a r m i n g Society, Ltd., Kontyava-Bohlad. |
Kontyava-Boblad |
60.747 |
-- |
50.585 |
-- |
|
(150-11) |
(125-00) |
14 |
Yeshwant Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Muchandi. |
Muchandi |
72.584 |
-- |
67.987 |
-- |
|
(179-36) |
(168-00) |
15 |
Vijay Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Kosari. |
Kosari |
81.050 |
-- |
24.281 |
-- |
|
(200-28) |
(60-00) |
TABLE No. 19-contd.
|
Serial No. |
Name of the Soci.ty |
Place |
Loans sanctioned and disbursed by Government or registered
up to 31st March I963 |
|
Loans |
Subsi-dies |
Share capital |
Total |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(13) |
(14) |
(15) |
(16) | |
Rs. |
Rs. |
Rs. |
Rs. |
1 |
Mangle B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society,
Ltd. |
Mangle |
1,500 |
4,979 |
4,000 |
10,479 |
2 |
Karangali B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society,
Ltd. |
Karungali |
1,500 |
5,891 |
4,000 |
11,391 |
3 |
Kharsing B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society,
Ltd. |
Kharsing |
-- |
6,101 |
-- |
6,101 |
4 |
Salgare Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Salgare |
-- |
5,856 |
-- |
5,856 |
5 |
Kharsing Dandnath Co-operative Collective Farming
Society Ltd. |
Kharsing |
7,750 |
4,661 |
-- |
12,211 |
6 |
K. Digraj B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society,
Ltd. |
K. Digraj |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
7 |
Utagi B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society,
Ltd. |
Utagi |
11,840 |
10,41,4 |
-- |
22,254 |
8 |
Sankh B. C. Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd. |
Sankh |
-- |
7,124 |
2,000 |
9,124 |
9 |
Girish Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd.,
Halli. |
Halli |
22,737 |
17,037 |
-- |
39,774 |
10 |
Ped Matang Co-operative Collective Farming Society, Ltd., Ped. |
Ped |
8,500 |
11,955 |
-- |
20,455 |
11 |
Ralras Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd.,
Waghapur. |
Waghapur |
7,750 |
1,750 |
-- |
9,500 |
12 |
Jyotirling Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd.,
Yede-Nipani |
Yede-Nipani |
7,750 |
3,250 |
4,000 |
15,000 |
13 |
Rajaram Co-operative Joint F a r m i n g Society, Ltd.,
Kontyava-Bohlad. |
Kontyava-Boblad |
7,750 |
1,750 |
-- |
9,500 |
14 |
Yeshwant Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd.,
Muchandi. |
Muchandi |
7,750 |
1,750 |
-- |
9,500 |
15 |
Vijay Co-operative Joint Farming Society, Ltd., Kosari. |
Kosari |
7,750 |
1,750 |
-- |
9,500 |
Figures in brackets show area in acres.
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