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AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
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OIL SEEDS
Groundnut, safflower, sesomum and niger are the important oilseeds grown in the district. Of these groundnut is the most important oil-seed. The oils of different seeds are used for various purposes such as cooking, burning and medicines. As could be seen from the Table No. 22. the area under oil-seeds has not expanded considerably during 1956-57 to 1961-62.
TABLE No. 22.
AREA UNDER OIL-SEEDS IN SANGLI DISTRICT FROM 1956-57 TO 1961-62.
(Area in hectares) |
Taluka |
Year |
Groundnut |
Sesamum |
Safflower |
Linseed |
Castor |
Niger |
Total Oil-seeds | |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
Walwa |
1956-57 |
11,372.486 |
0.405 |
464.984 |
0.405 |
1.619 |
-- |
11,839.898 |
(28,102) |
(1) |
(1,149) |
(1) |
(4) |
-- |
(29,257) |
1957-58 |
11,956.448 |
0.405 |
485.623 |
-- |
1.619 |
-- |
12,444.094 |
(29,545) |
(1) |
(1,200) |
-- |
(4) |
-- |
(30,750) |
1958-59 |
12,309.334 |
0.405 |
441.917 |
-- |
1.214 |
-- |
12752.870 |
(30,41 7) |
(1) |
(1,092) |
-- |
(3) |
-- |
(31,513) |
1959-60 |
11,393.530 |
3.237 |
438.680 |
1.619 |
0.809 |
89.840 |
11,927.715 |
(28,154) |
(8) |
(1,084) |
(4) |
(2) |
(222) |
(29,474) |
1960-61 |
11,824.115 |
0.809 |
394.973 |
1.214 |
0.809 |
54.633 |
12,276.554 |
(29,218) |
(2) |
(976) |
(3) |
(2) |
(135) |
(30,336) |
1961-62 |
12,235.276 |
0.809 |
371.097 |
1.214 |
0.809 |
76.081 |
12,685.287 |
(30,234) |
(2) |
(917) |
(3) |
(2) |
(188) |
(31,346) |
Jath |
1956-57 |
10,420.260 |
1,394.548 |
4,820.215 |
76.081 |
50.586 |
131.523 |
16,893.212 |
(25,749) |
(3,446) |
(11,911) |
(188) |
(125) |
(325) |
(41,744) |
1957-58 |
16,578.367 |
2,933.164 |
4,01 7.722 |
48.562 |
14.164 |
148.115 |
23,740.095 |
(40,966) |
(7,248) |
(9,928) |
(120) |
(35) |
(366) |
(58,663) |
1958-59 |
12,841.496 |
2,477.487 |
3,884.176 |
57.870 |
10.522 |
194.249 |
19,465.801 |
(31,732) |
(6,122) |
(9,598) |
(143) |
(26) |
(480) |
(48,101) |
1959-60 |
14,416.939 |
1,757.147 |
3,973.207 |
118.573 |
7.689 |
241.193 |
20,514.747 |
(35,625) |
(4,342) |
(9,818) |
(293) |
(19) |
(596) |
(50,693) |
1960-61 |
14,638.302 |
1,952.610 |
4,133.058 |
95.910 |
23.472 |
142.854 |
20,986.206 |
(36,172) |
(4,825) |
(10,213) |
(237) |
(58) |
(353) |
(51,858) |
1961-62 |
12,941.858 |
1,909.308 |
4,078.425 |
68.797 |
9.308 |
312.822 |
19,320.519 |
(31,980) |
(4,718) |
(10,078) |
(170) |
(23) |
(773) |
(47,742) |
Khanapur |
1956-57 |
10,261.218 |
3.642 |
1,557.232 |
4.451 |
2.833 |
82.151 |
11,911.528 |
(25,356) |
(9) |
(3,848) |
(11) |
(7) |
(203) |
(29,434) |
1957-58 |
10,446.564 |
8.903 |
1,258.169 |
2.428 |
13.759 |
74.057 |
11,803.881 |
(25,814) |
(22) |
(3,109) |
(6) |
(34) |
(183) |
(29,168) |
1958-59 |
10,837.491 |
8.093 |
1,714.250 |
10.522 |
2.428 |
82.151 |
12,654.936 |
(26,780) |
(20) |
(4,236) |
(26) |
(6) |
(203) |
(31,271) |
1959-60 |
6,830.695 |
21.044 |
27.923 |
4.856 |
42.492 |
68.392 |
6,995.402 |
(16,879) |
(52) |
(69) |
(12) |
(105) |
(169) |
(17,286) |
1960-61 |
11,506.437 |
21.853 |
1,248.861 |
1.619 |
1 7.401 |
55.442 |
12,851.613 |
(28,433) |
(54) |
(3,086) |
(4) |
(43) |
(137) |
(31,757) |
1961-62 |
11,216.277 |
16.997 |
1,162.663 |
0.809 |
11.736 |
75.676 |
12,484.158 |
(27,716) |
(42) |
(2,873) |
(2) |
(29) |
(187) |
(30,849) |
Tasgaon |
1956-57 |
1 7,354.959 |
-- |
781.448 |
3.642 |
9.308 |
16.187 |
18,165.545 |
(42,885) |
-- |
(1,931) |
(9) |
(23) |
(40) |
(44,888) |
1957-58 |
18,295.854 |
1.214 |
753.930 |
4.856 |
13.355 |
12.950 |
19,082.159 |
(45,210) |
(3) |
(1,863) |
(12) |
(33) |
(32) |
(47,153) |
1958-59 |
18,482.414 |
1.619 |
567.370 |
3.237 |
5.666 |
20.639 |
19,080.945 |
(45,671) |
(4) |
(1,402) |
(8) |
(14) |
(51) |
(47,150) |
TABLE No. 22—contd.
(Area in hectares)
|
Taluka |
Year |
Groundnut |
Sesamum |
Safflower |
Linseed |
Castor |
Niger |
Total Oil-seeds |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
Tasgaon — contd. |
1959-60 |
18,085.417 |
0.809 |
641.023 |
1.619 |
5.666 |
16.187 |
18,750.721 |
(44,690) |
(2) |
(1,584) |
(4) |
(14) |
(40) |
(46,334) |
1960-61 |
19,932.809 |
0.405 |
535.399 |
9.712 |
7.689 |
55.442 |
20,541.457 |
(49,255) |
(1) |
(1,323) |
(24) |
(19) |
(137) |
(50,759) |
1961-62 |
19,329.827 |
19.830 |
512.332 |
5.261 |
31.565 |
51.800 |
19,950.615 |
(47,765) |
(49) |
(1,266) |
(13) |
(78) |
(128) |
(49,299) |
Miraj |
1956-57 |
19,008.911 |
7.689 |
694.846 |
8.903 |
14.569 |
18.211 |
19,753.128 |
(46,972) |
(19) |
(1,717) |
(22) |
(36) |
(45) |
(48,811) |
1957-58 |
21,014.939 |
4.856 |
722.769 |
11.736 |
27.518 |
18.211 |
21,800.030 |
(51,929) |
(12) |
(1,786) |
(29) |
(68) |
(45) |
-- |
1958-59 |
22,855.856 |
13.759 |
589.223 |
19.830 |
31.970 |
96.720 |
23,607.358 |
(56,478) |
(34) |
(1,456) |
(49) |
(79) |
(239) |
(58,335) |
1959-60 |
21,467.378 |
19.020 |
581.129 |
8.903 |
15.378 |
33.589 |
22 125.397 |
(53,047) |
(47) |
(1,436) |
(22) |
(38) |
(83) |
(54,673) |
1960-61 |
22,008.443 |
13.355 |
438.680 |
8.498 |
27.923 |
46.134 |
22,543.033 |
(54,384) |
(33) |
(1,084) |
(21) |
(69) |
(114) |
(55,705) |
1961-62 |
22,056.601 |
11.331 |
513.951 |
7.284 |
51.395 |
19.425 |
22,659.988 |
(54,503) |
(28) |
(1,270) |
(18) |
(127) |
(48) |
(55,994) |
Shirala |
1956-57 |
3 604.943 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
32.779 |
3,637.722 |
(8,908) |
-- -- |
-- |
-- -- |
-- |
(81) |
(8.989) |
1957-58 |
3,597.254 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
19.425 |
3,616.679 |
(8,889) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
(48) |
(8,937) |
1958-59 |
3,450.353 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
23.472 |
3,473.824 |
(8,526) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
(58) |
(8,584) |
1959-60 |
3,450.757 |
-- |
-- |
0.405 |
-- |
19.425 |
3,470.587 |
(8,527) |
-- |
-- |
(1) |
-- |
(48) |
(8,576) |
1960-61 |
3,299.405 |
-- |
0.405 |
-- |
-- |
29.542 |
3,329.352 |
(8,153) |
-- |
(1) |
-- |
-- |
(73) |
(8,227) |
1961-62 |
3,371.439 |
-- |
2.023 |
-- |
-- |
13.759 |
3,387.222 |
(8,331) |
-- |
(5) |
-- |
-- |
(34) |
(8,370) |
District Total |
1956-57 |
72,022.777 |
1,406.284 |
8,318.725 |
93.482 |
78.914 |
280.852 |
82,201.034 |
(177,.972) |
(3,475) |
(20,556) |
(231) |
(195) |
(694) |
(203,123) |
1957-58 |
81,889.426 |
2,948.542 |
7,238.214 |
67.582 |
70.415 |
272.758 |
92,486.938 |
(202,353) |
(7,286) |
(17,886) |
(167) |
(174) |
(674) |
(228,540) |
1958-59 |
80,776.944 |
2,501.364 |
7,196.936 |
91.459 |
51.800 |
417.231 |
91,035.734 |
(199,604) |
(6,181) |
(17,784) |
(226) |
(128) |
(1,031) |
(224,954) |
1959-60 |
75,644.716 |
1,801.257 |
5,661.962 |
135.974 |
72.034 |
468.626 |
83,784.570 |
(186,922) |
(4,451) |
(13,991) |
(336) |
(178) |
(1,158) |
(207,036) |
1960-61 |
83.209.512 |
1,989.032 |
6,751.376 |
116.954 |
77.295 |
384.047 |
92,528.216 |
(205,615) |
(4,915) |
(16,683) |
(289) |
(191) |
(949) |
(228,642) |
1961-62 |
81,151.279 |
1,958.275 |
6,640.492 |
83.365 |
104.814 |
549.563 |
90,487.789 |
(200,529) |
(4,839) |
(16,409) |
(206) |
(259) |
(1,358) |
(223,600) |
Groundnut.
Groundnut (bhuimug) mostly grown as dry crop is produced all over the district. It can be grown on red loam, light sandy soil, alluvial loams and also on black soil. The soil is brought to fine tilth by ploughing and harrowing it well in advance. The field is harrowed two to three times after the first showers of rain. The seeds are sown mostly by dibbling method. In some parts of the district the seeds are drilled in June-July. After sowing the land is levelled to cover the seed. In about two mouths the crop is intercultured with a hoe. This is known as kolapanc. One or two hand weedings are also done (khura-pane or bhangalane). The varieties that are grown in the district are Kopargaon Nos. 1 and 3, Karad 4—11, SB—11, Faizpur 1—5, and local varieties. Uptya, the early variety, is harvested in October by pulling the plants up by roots. It is mainly used for extraction of oil. The other two varieties are harvested in November-December either by pulling the plants with the help of light pick (kudal) or sometimes by using a plough or harrow. The pods are generally pulled out by hand in the field. Usually women workers are employed for pulling the plants and the pods. They are paid in kind, generally a part of the produce they collect. The pods are then dried in the sun. Usually groundnut crop is cultivated for oil. The seeds are eaten raw, boiled or parched. The branches as well as the leaves are used as cattle food. Most of the produce is purchased by the owners of the oil mills in the district for extracting oil. Most of the agriculturists in the district follow scientific methods in groundnut cultivation.
Safflower.
It can be seen from the Table No. 22 that safflower (karadi) is
the next important oil-seed grown in the district. It has yellow flowers and thorny leaves. Usually it is grown as a mixed crop with wheat only in every fourth or eighth row of the main crop. Sometimes the crop is sown on all the sides of the field to protect the main crop. The sowing is done through seed drill. The crop can be grown on light alluvial soils, loams and black cotton soil. Karadi oil is extracted either in oil mills or in tel ghanis. The oil-cake is used as a cattle feed and manure. The tender leaves are often used as a vegetable.
Sesamum
Sesamum (til) can be grown on a variety of soils. It requires
hot weather and low rainfall. The crop is grown as a mixed crop with groundnut, tur, etc. Usually two varieties, black and white til, are grown in the district. The seeds are mixed with the main crop and are sown through seed drill. Oil is extracted from the seed which are also used for preparing sweetmeats. Til seeds are used in the performance of religious rites while celebrating makar sankrant, preparation of til seeds mixed with gul is distributed as a token of friendship.
Other oil-seeds.
Among other minor oil-seeds grown in the district are coconut, linseed, castor and niger. Coconut plantations are found nearabout Tasgaon and Miraj. Coconut occupied 14.569 hectares (36 acres) in 1961-62. Linseed (alshi or javas) is usually grown as a mixed crop with grim, wheat, etc., on black
soil. The seeds are used for preparing chutney as well as for extracting oil. The cultivation of niger (karale), does not involve considerable expenditure. One or two heavy harrowings are sufficient. The crop can be best grown, on light red and brownish loams of good depth. Its oil is extensively used for culinary purposes. Castor oil on the other hand is used as a lubricant and has good demand in soap and pharmaceutical industries. Its oil-cake forms an excellent manure for sugarcane.
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