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AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
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PULSES
Pulses occupy an important position in the agrarian economy of the district. Next to cereals they are important as food crops. Matki, gram, tur, horsegram, udid, mug are the main pulses cultivated in the district.
Matki.
Matki (math) occupied the highest acreage under pulses during
the period from 1956-57 to 1961-62. It is grown throughout the district as a kharif crop. It is sown in June-July usually as a mixed crop along with bajri in every fourth or sixth row. It can be grown on light sandy soil and also on poor soils. The crop is harvested in November. The plants are uprooted and brought to the threshing floor (khale) where it is either trampled by oxen or beaten with sticks. When the grains are used as vegetable, generally, they are kept in water for about a day and then are wrapped in a piece of cloth. After about two days the grains sprout. Such grains are popularly known as modachi matki. It is also used as split pulse and eaten parched or boiled with condiments. Sometimes the grains are given to horses. Its leaves and stalks are used as fodder known as bhuskat.
Gram.
Gram (harbhara) is the next important, pulse crop in the district.
It occupied an area of 15396.279 hectares" (38045 acres) in 1961-62. It is grown all over the district mostly as a rabi crop. It can be grown on a wide range of soil. It gives a high yield on good black soil. It is sown in October with a four coultered drill at a distance of about 254 to 304.8 mm. (10 to 12 inches). The crop is harvested after about three months when the leaves become reddish brown and the green colour of the pods (ghate) turns into pale white. The plants are uprooted and then they are spread all over the threshing floor. After five or six days when the plants are dried they are either trampled by oxen or beaten with sticks.
The tops of the shoots, shenda are plucked off before flowering for its good growth and maximum outturn of grain. The green grains of the gram are also used as vegetable, especially for usal. The gram pulse (dal) is extensively used for preparing puranpoli and bundi or kaliche ladu.
Tur.
Tur can be grown on a variety of soils, light as well as heavy.
Medium moist soils, however, gives good outturn of grain. Usually it is sown through one coultered seed drill, mogana, in June-July as a mixed crop with bajri in every fourth or eighth row. The crop is harvested by the end of February or so. The red or light brown seeds are generally sown in the district. It covered an area of 16484.479 hectares (40,734 acres) in 1961-62. A pod of tur generally consists of about four grains. The plants are cut. close to the ground, tied into bundles, bhara, and are brought to the threshing floor. After about a week the plants are usually beaten with long sticks. The stems are then separated and tied into bundles and the broken pods are winnowed. The stems, turatya are used to thatch a house or a cattle shed and also for making baskets. Sometimes in rural areas the stems are tied in a small bundle which is used as a broom, kharata, to
clean the cattle shed or ground. The green pods many a time are eaten after hoiling them. The yellow split pulse is used to prepare curry. The outer husk of the grain is used as fodder.
Horse Gram.
Horse gram (hulga or kulthi) occupied an area of 10966.586 hec-tares (27,099 acres) in 1961-62. It is grown throughout the district as a kharif crop on a variety of soils sandy loam, reddish and medium black. Usually, it is sown through four-coultered drill in June-July as a mixed crop with bajra in every fourth row. The crop becomes ready for harvest by November. The plants are uprooted and are brought to the threshing floor where they are trampled under the feet of oxen. The grains are usually brown, light red. The green crop is often used as a fodder. The pulse is given to horses after hoiling. The poor people in rural areas prepare madge from the grain.
Black Gram.
Black gram (udid) covered an area of 5696.765 hectares (14,077 acres) in 1961-62. It is sown in June on a variety of soils like light red, brown alluvial and black. The crop is sown through four coultered drill, kuri, as a mixed crop with bajri and jowar in rows. It is harvested in November. It is ground into powder to prepare papads. The stalks and leaves form good fodder for the cattle.
Mug.
Mug occupied an area of 990.267 hectares (2,447 acres) in
1961-62. Usually it is grown as a mixed crop with kharif jowar and bajri on medium black soil in every fourth or eighth row. It is also grown as an independent crop. The crop matures within three to four months from sowing. The ripe pulse is split and consumed as dal. Its flour is also used to prepare laddus. The leaves and stalks are used as fodder.
Other minor pulses grown in the district include chavli, val, watana and masur.
The following table gives the area under pulses in the district from 1956-57 to 1961-62.
TABLE No. 21.
AREA UNDER PULSES IN SANGLI DISTRICT FROM 1956-57 TO 1961-62.
(Area in hectares) Taluka | Year | Gram | Mug | Tur | Udid | Horse Gram |
Math | Wal | Chavli | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
Jath | 1956-57 |
1,165.496 |
252.929 |
1,510.693 |
23.472 |
2,994.272 |
7.045583 |
-- |
29.947 |
(2880) |
(625) |
(3,733) |
(58) |
(7,399) |
(17,410) |
-- |
(74) | 1957-58 |
1,167.519 |
57.465 |
1,956.657 |
.808 |
3,845.731 |
6,618.235 |
1.619 |
23.876 |
(2,885) |
(142) |
(4,835) |
(2) |
(9,503) |
(16,354) |
(4) |
(59) | 1958-59 |
1,122.599 |
138.807 |
1,736.913 |
8.094 |
3,015.720 |
7,120.450 |
4.856 |
23.067 |
(2,774) |
(343) |
(4,292) |
(20) |
(7,452) |
(17,595) |
(12) |
(57) | 1959-60 |
1,086.177 |
138.807 |
1708.180 |
6.070 |
3,292.525 |
7,062.175 |
26.304 |
62.726 |
(2,684) |
(343) |
(4,221) |
(15) |
(8,136) |
(17,451) |
(65) |
(155) | 1960-61 |
1,207.178 |
167.135 |
1,790.735 |
12.140 |
3,429.309 |
6,803.581 |
5.261 |
80.937 |
(2,983) |
(413) |
(4,425) |
(30) |
(8,474) |
(16,812) |
(13) |
(200) | 1961-62 |
1,167.924 |
161.470 |
1,850.629 |
162.279 |
3,553.548 |
6,898.277 |
19.830 |
57.061 |
(2,886) |
(399) |
(4,573) |
(401) |
(8,781) |
(17,046) |
(49) |
(141) |
Shirala | 1956-57 |
634.952 |
1.619 |
225.410 |
503.025 |
269.116 |
1.214 |
74.462 |
12.950 |
(1,569) |
(4) |
(557) |
(1,243) |
(665) |
(3) |
(184) |
(32) | 1957-58 |
746.241 |
3.642 |
254.547 |
483.195 |
211.651 |
7.689 |
96.720 |
16.997 |
(1,844) |
(9) |
(629) |
(1,194) |
(523) |
(19) |
(239) |
(42) | 1958-59 |
711.438 |
2.428 |
233.504 |
440.703 |
223.791 |
8.903 |
70.820 |
18.615 |
(1,758) |
(6) |
(577) |
(1,089) |
(553) |
(22) |
(175) |
(46) | 1959-60 |
997.146 |
2.428 |
179.680 |
323.344 |
144.473 |
0.405 |
81.746 |
8.498 |
(2,464) |
(6) |
(444) |
(799) |
(357) |
(1) |
(202) |
(21) | 1960-61 |
1,112.482 |
1.619 |
169.563 |
275.591 |
111.289 |
-- |
97.934 |
4.451 |
(2,749) |
(4) |
(419) |
(681) |
(275) |
-- |
(242) |
(11) | 1961-62 |
1,063.919 |
1.619 |
122.620 |
288.136 |
90.245 |
-- |
72.034 |
2.428 |
(2,629) |
(4) |
(303) |
(712) |
(223) |
-- |
(178) |
(6) |
Khanapur | 1956-57 |
3,071.162 |
430.181 |
4,656.317 |
3,718.255 |
3,024.623 |
11.807.119 |
36.422 |
228.243 |
(7,589) |
(1,063) |
(11,506) |
(9,188) |
(7,474) |
(29,176) |
(90) |
(564) | 1957-58 |
3,217.254 |
441.917 |
4,791.077 |
3,709.352 |
2,952.184 |
12,296.384 |
91.459 |
249.691 |
(7,950) |
(1,092) |
(11,839) |
(9,166) |
(7,295) |
00,385) |
(226) |
(617) | 1958-59 |
3,336.636 |
632.929 |
4,785.412 |
3,322.472 |
3,210.374 |
11,702.305 |
34.398 |
256.976 |
(8,245) |
(1,564) |
(11,825) |
(8,210) |
(7,933) |
(28,917) |
(85) |
(635) | 1959-60 |
3,615.060 |
529.734 |
4,859.469 |
3,369.011 |
2,781.002 |
11,827.353 |
100.767 |
251.310 |
(8,933) |
(1,309) |
(12,008) |
(8,325) |
(6,872) |
(29,226) |
(249) |
(621) | 1960-61 |
2,966.348 |
276.400 |
5,024.986 |
2,682.663 |
2,069.564 |
11,822.092 |
31.970 |
136.784 |
(7,330) |
(683) |
(12,417) |
(6,629) |
(5,114) |
(29,213) |
(79) |
(338) | 1961-62 |
2,781.002 |
401.043 |
4,601.684 |
3,722.302 |
2,171.545 |
10,874.317 |
40.873 |
201.129 |
(6,872) |
(991) |
(11,371) |
(9,198) |
(5,366) |
(26,871) |
(101) |
(497) |
Miraj | 1956-57 |
4,602.089 |
268.307 |
4,129.821 |
45.729 |
2,394.932 |
3,592.398 |
108.456 |
286.922 |
(11,372) |
(663) |
(10,205) |
(113) |
(5,918) |
(8,877) |
(268) |
(709) | 1957-58 |
4,280.364 |
278.829 |
4.303.836 |
98.743 |
2,391.289 |
3,784.219 |
107.242 |
115.740 |
(10,577) |
(689) |
(10,635) |
(244) |
(5,909) |
(9,351) |
(265) |
(286) |
TABLE No. 21— contd. |
Taluka |
Year |
Gram |
Mug |
Tur |
Udid |
Horse Gram |
Math |
Wal |
Chavli | |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
Miraj— contd. | 1958-59 |
36,435.095 |
199.510 |
4,096.232 |
72.439 |
2,256.934 |
3,692.355 |
89.840 |
89.840 |
(90,033) |
(493) |
(10,122) |
(179) |
(5,577) |
(9,124) |
(222) |
(222) | 1959-60 |
3,641.365 |
195.059 |
4,087.733 |
147.710 |
2,568.947 |
4,059.810 |
128.690 |
84.175 |
(8,998) |
(482) |
(10,101) |
(365) |
(6,348) |
(10,032) |
(318) |
(208) | 1960-61 |
3,161.812 |
183.727 |
4,187.286 |
63.536 |
2,168.307 |
3,207.541 |
114.931 |
88.221 |
(7,813) |
(454) |
(10,347) |
(157) |
(5,358) |
(8,926) |
(284) |
(218) | 1961-62 |
3,502.762 |
127.881 |
4,1702.89 |
173.610 |
2,297.402 |
3,213.611 |
113.312 |
58.679 |
(8,656) |
(316) |
(10,305) |
(429) |
(5,677) |
(7,941) |
(280) |
(145) |
Walwa | 1956-57 |
3,308.713 |
177.657 |
2,186.518 |
947.775 |
822.727 |
244.026 |
109.670 |
112.503 |
(8,176) |
(439) |
(5,403) |
(2,342) |
(2,033) |
(603) |
(271) |
(278) | 1957-58 |
3,207.541 |
152.162 |
2,253.292 |
1,031.949 |
799.255 |
213.269 |
107.646 |
137.593 |
(7,926) |
(376) |
(5,568) |
(2,550) |
(1,975) |
(527) |
(266) |
(340) | 1958-59 |
3,014.101 |
132.737 |
1,957.871 |
1,031.140 |
794.803 |
213.269 |
131.928 |
93.887 |
(7,448) |
(328) |
(4,838) |
(2,548) |
(1,964) |
(527) |
(326) |
(232) |
1959-60 |
3,189.735 |
151.757 |
1,959.490 |
927.945 |
762.428 |
146.496 |
132.737 |
82.556 |
(7,882) |
(375) |
(4,842) |
(2,293) |
(1,884) |
(362) |
(328) |
(204) | 1960-61 |
2,678.617 |
113.312 |
1,866.007 |
949.393 |
733.291 |
188.988 |
109.265 |
114.121 |
(6,619) |
(280) |
(4,611) |
(2,346) |
(1,812) |
(467) |
(270) |
(282) | 1961-62 |
2,757.126 |
89.031 |
1,818.254 |
824.750 |
812.205 |
149.329 |
142.449 |
71.225 |
(6,813) |
(220) |
(4,493) |
(2,038) |
(2,007) |
(369) |
(352) |
(176) |
Tasgaon | 1956-57 |
5,683.410 |
76.890 |
4,092.589 |
526.496 |
2,246.817 |
1,686.731 |
66.368 |
140.831 |
(14,044) |
(190) |
(10,113) |
(1,301) |
(5,552) |
(4,168) |
(164) |
(348) | 1957-58 |
5,276.701 |
161.874 |
4,114.847 |
602.577 |
2,326.944 |
1,669.330 |
89.840 |
105.623 |
(13,039) |
(400) |
(10,168) |
(1,489) |
(5,750) |
(4,125) |
(222) |
(261) | 1958-59 |
2,722.323 |
128.285 |
4,052.930 |
711.843 |
2,193.398 |
1,583.536 |
73.248 |
194.654 |
(6,727) |
(317) |
(10,015) |
(1,759) |
(5,420) |
(3,913) |
(181) |
(481) | 1959-60 |
4,484.730 |
129.499 |
4,200.641 |
578.701 |
2,249.245 |
1,608.222 |
65.964 |
80.937 |
(11,082) |
(320) |
(10,380) |
(1,430) |
(5,558) |
(3,974) |
(163) |
(200) | 1960-61 |
3,999.512 |
125.048 |
4,002.344 |
492.907 |
2,093.441 |
1,314.420 |
116.145 |
141.640 |
(9,883) |
(309) |
(9,890) |
(1,218) |
(5,173) |
(3,248) |
(287) |
(350) | 1961-62 |
4,123.345 |
209.223 |
3,921.003 |
525.687 |
2,163.047 |
1,689.564 |
56.251 |
100.362 |
(10,189) |
(517) |
(9,689) |
(1,299) |
(5,345) |
(4,175) |
(139) |
(248) |
TABLE No. 21—contd.
Taluka |
Year |
Gram |
Mug |
Tur |
Udid |
Horse Gram |
Math |
Wal |
Chavli |
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(6) |
(9) |
(10) |
District Total | 1956-57 |
18,465.822 |
1,207.583 |
16,801.349 |
5,764.752 |
11,752.486 |
24,377.070 |
395.378 |
811.395 |
(45,630) |
(2,984) |
(41,517) |
(14,245) |
(29,041) |
(60,237) |
(977) |
(2,005) | 1957-58 |
17,895.620 |
1,095.890 |
17,674.256 |
5,926.626 |
12,527.055 |
24,589.126 |
494.526 |
649.521 |
(44,221) |
(2,708) |
(43,674) |
(14,645) |
(30,955) |
(60,761) |
(1,222) |
(1,605) | 1958-59 |
47,342.192 |
1,234.697 |
16,862.861 |
5,586.690 |
11,695.021 |
24,320.819 |
405.091 |
677.040 |
(116,985) |
(3,051) |
(41,669) |
(13,805) |
(28,899) |
(60,098) |
(1,001) |
(1,673) | 1959-60 |
17,014.213 |
1,147.285 |
16,995.193 |
5,352.782 |
11,798.620 |
24,704.461 |
536.209 |
570.202 |
(42,043) |
(2,835) |
(41,996) |
(13,227) |
(29,155) |
(61,046) |
(1,325) |
(1,409) | 1960-61 |
15,125.949 |
867.242 |
17,040.923 |
4,476.232 |
10,605.201 |
23,741.309 |
575.506 |
566.156 |
(37,377) |
(2,143) |
(42,109) |
(11,061) |
(26,206) |
(58,666) |
(1,175) |
(1,399) | 1961-62 |
15,396.279 |
990.267 |
16,484.479 |
5,696.765 |
10,966.586 |
22,825.100 |
444.750 |
369.478 |
(38,045) |
(2,447) |
(40,734) |
(14,077) |
(27,099) |
(56,402) |
(1,099) |
(913) |
Figures in brackets show area in acres.
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