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Appendices
|
 |
INDUSTRIES
|
 |
INTRODUCTION
THIS CHAPTER IS DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS. The first viz., Large and Small industries deals with mechanised industries, the second viz., Cottage Industries deals with cottage and village industries and the third viz.. Labour Organisation gives an account of the trade union movement and labour organisation in the district.
Like other parts of the country and in keeping with the pattern witnessed in the State, the district is predominantly agricultural. Except for the three textile mills and two oil mills, the district has no other large scale industrial units. These are the only five units using power and employing 50 or more persons.
The three textile mills viz., the Pulgaon Cotton Mills Ltd., Pulgaon providing employment to about 2,000 workers, the R. S. Rekhchand Mohta Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd., Hinganghat providing employment to about 2,300 workers and the R.S. Bansilal Abhirchand Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd., also at Hinganghat providing employment to about 800 workers have a total of 1,301 looms and a total installed spind-lage of 77,952 according to the Census of 1961.
These three textile mills inspite of the general industrial backwardness of the district, have given the district a place of prominence in the industrial sector. Considered from the point of view of the number of workers employed in the factories registered under the Factories Act per lakh of population, the position of the district is second in the Vidarbha Region, next only to Nagpur, having in 1961 about 1,169 workers and is sixth in the State.
The two other large scale units are the oil mills viz., Shri Hanuman Oil Mill at Wardha employing about 50 workers and the Prabhat Oil Mill at Hinganghat providing employment to nearly 125 workers.
It is proposed to start a unit of the Heavy Plate and Vessels Project at Wardha. The steel scrap which would be available from this factory could be used in steel re-rolling mill.
As per the 1961 Census there were a number of small-scale registered factories in the district engaged in general engineering like repairs and job-work shop, cycle and cycle parts repairs, cotton ginning and pressing, oil mills, dal mills, saw mills, printing, tanning of hides and skins, manufacture of soap, wooden furniture, charkhas and its parts, etc. The number of these factories which was 50 in 1951 decreased to 40 in 1961. The number of workers in registered factories also decreased from 7,652 in 1951 to 7,416 in 1961. This decrease in number of factories and in the
number of workers engaged in them can mainly be attributed to the closure of some of the seasonal industries like cotton ginning and pressing and oil-milling during the year under reference. By the end of December 1963, there were 37 factories registered under the Factories Act. These factories provided employment to about 7,288 workers.
Of these 37 factories, thirty five factories used power and employed at least 10 workers on any day and two were not using power but employed at least 20 workers on any day. Of the 35 factories in the first category, 18 provided employment to 50 or more workers and used power and 17 were small scale units having average daily employment of less than 50 workers.
The number of factories declined from 50 in 1950 to 37 in 1963. However, in case of employment provided by these factories, the decline was found to the extent of only 364. The fall in the number of workers employed in ginning and baling group is mostly off-set by the increase in the number of workers employed in textile mills, the percentage increase in this group in 1963 over 1956 being 8.4. The increase is also noticed in the edible oil industry during the same period to the extent of 84 per cent. The following statement gives the percentage variation in the number of factories and number of workers in 1963 over 1956 in each group of industry.
|
Industry |
Percentage
|
|
(+) Increase or (—) Decrease | |
No. of Factories |
No. of Workers |
Ginning and Baling |
—43.3 |
—45.6 |
Textile mills |
-- |
+ 8.4 |
Rice and Dal mills |
—20.0 |
—8.8 |
Edible oils |
+ 100.0 |
+84.0 |
Tobacco manufacture and Bidi making |
—33.3 |
—33.5 |
Saw mills |
—25.0 |
—46.9 |
Machinery other than electrical.. |
-- |
—38.3 |
Others not elsewhere specified.. |
—50 |
—46.8 |
According to the Census of Manufacturing Industries in 1959, the manufacturing industries in the district had a combined fixed capital of Rs. 77.1 lakhs and working capital of Rs. 27 lakhs. The total value [ These figures relate only to the industries covered by the Census of Manufacturing Industries Act.] of annual production was Rs. 366.7 lakhs and the value added by manufacturing was Rs. 76.3 lakhs. The value added by manufacture in the district was, however, only 0.38 per cent, of the total for Maharashtra.
Table No. 1 gives the information about the employment in factories in the district according to the Census of 1961.
TABLE
No. 1
EMPLOYMENT IN FACTORIES, 1961
CENSUS, WARDHA DISTRICT.
|
Description of Industry |
Number of working factories |
Number of working factories submitting returns |
Number of man-days worked during the year |
Average daily
|
|
Adults | |
Men |
Women |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
Gins and presses— |
16 |
8 |
144,254 |
632 |
359 |
Cotton ginning and baling |
Manufacture of grain mill products— |
7 |
5 |
16,749 |
35 |
41 |
Dal mills— |
Manufacture of edible oils (other than hydrogenated oils) |
5 |
4 |
40,225 |
190 |
26 |
Tobacco manufactures— |
2 |
2 |
40,698 |
49 |
84 |
Bidi |
Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles— |
3 |
3 |
1,551,485 |
4,606 |
441 |
Cotton mills |
Manufacture of wood and cork except manufacture of furniture— |
3 |
3 |
7,614 |
24 |
1 |
Saw mills |
Printing, book-binding, etc.— |
2 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Letterpress |
Tanneries and leather finishing |
1 |
1 |
6,237 |
21 |
-- |
Manufacture of machinery (except electrical machinery)— |
1 |
1 |
23,560 |
76 |
-- |
Machine tools, wood working machinery and other tools |
Total |
40 |
27 |
1,830,822 |
5,633 |
952 |
Note.—Column (4) relates only to those factories submitting figures for number of days for which the factory was working. Columns (5) to (11) relate to working factories submitting returns.
Source : The Chief Inspector of Factories.
TABLE
No. 1-contd. |
Number of workers employed |
Total |
Working factories not submitting returns | |
Adolescents |
Children |
No. |
No. of workers employed |
|
Males |
Females |
Boys |
Girls |
|
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
991 |
8 |
725 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
76 |
2 |
18 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
216 |
1 |
39 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
133 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
5,047 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
25 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2 |
49 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
21 |
-- |
|
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
76 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
6,585 |
13 |
831 |
Note.—Column (4) relates only to those factories submitting figures for number of days for which the factory was working. Columns (5) to (11) relate to working factories submitting returns.
Source : The Chief Inspector of Factories.
There were no industrial products worth mentioning in the district excepting the textile products which accounted for 2.3 per cent, of the total production of cloth in Maharashtra during 1964-65.
Besides the major industries, in the cottage and small scale industries sector hand-looms (cotton), oil cake, saw-milling, agarbatti making, oil ghanis, tanning and leather working, rope weaving, etc., are some of the important industries in the district. As per the 1961 Census, 1,078 persons were workers in hand-looms. By the end of May 1961 there were 1,473 cotton hand-looms in the district.
Tables No. 2 and 3 give the number of persons engaged in different industries as per the censuses of 1951 and 1961.
TABLE No. 2
PERSONS ENGAGED IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES, 1951 IN WARDHA DISTRICT.
|
Classification of Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1. |
Mining and Quarrying |
71 |
63 |
8 |
|
2. |
Coal-mining.—Mines primarily engaged in the extraction of anthracite and of soft coals such as bituminous, sub-bituminous and legnite. |
6 |
1 |
5 |
|
3. |
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas.—Oil Well and Natural Gas, well operations (including drilling) and oil or bituminous sand operations. |
13 |
13 |
-- |
|
4. |
Stone-quarrying, clay and sand pits.—Extraction from the earth of stone, clay, sand, and other materials used in building or manufacture of cement. |
52 |
49 |
3 |
|
5. |
Processing and Manufacture.—Foodstuffs, textiles, leather and products thereof. |
9,835 |
8,895 |
940 |
|
6. |
Food Industries otherwise unclassified |
276 |
274 |
2 |
|
7. |
Slaughter, preparation and preservation of meat. |
259 |
258 |
1 |
|
8. |
Other food industries |
17 |
16 |
1 |
|
9. |
Grains and pulses |
251 |
229 |
22 |
|
10. |
Hand pounders of rice and other persons engaged in manual dehusking and flour grinding. |
77 |
62 |
15 |
|
11. |
Millers of cereals and pulses |
171 |
166 |
5 |
|
12. |
Grain parchers and makers of blended and prepared flour and other cereal and pulse preparations. |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
13. |
Other processes of grains and pulses |
1 |
-- |
1 |
|
14. |
Vegetable oil and dairy products |
233 |
198 |
35 |
|
15. |
Vegetable oil pressers and refiners |
54 |
52 |
2 |
|
16 |
Milkmen, makers of butter, cheese, ghee and other dairy products. |
179 |
146 |
33 |
TABLE No. 2—contd.
|
Classification of Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
17. |
Sugar Industries |
9 |
6 |
3 |
18. |
Gur manufacture |
6 |
3 |
3 |
19. |
Other manufactures and refining of raw sugar, syrup and granulated or clarified sugar from sugarcane or from sugar beets. |
3 |
3 |
|
20. |
Beverages |
53 |
52 |
1 |
21. |
Toddy drawers |
15 |
15 |
|
22. |
Ice-manufacturers |
9 |
8 |
1 |
23. |
Manufacture of aerated and mineral waters and other beverages. |
29 |
29 |
-- |
24. |
Tobacco |
149 |
104 |
45 |
25. |
Manufacture of bidis |
149 |
104 |
45 |
26. |
Cotton textiles |
6,128 |
5,393 |
735 |
27. |
Cotton ginning, cleaning and pressing |
1,569 |
941 |
628 |
28. |
Cotton spinning, sizing and weaving |
4,535 |
4,428 |
107 |
29. |
Cotton dyeing, bleaching, printing, preparation and sponging. |
24 |
24 |
-- |
30. |
Wearing apparel (except footwear) and made-up textile goods. |
1,888 |
1,826 |
62 |
31. |
Tailors, milliners, dress-makers, and darners.. |
1,807 |
1,750 |
57 |
32. |
Manufacturers of hosiery, embroiderers, makers of crepe, lace and fringes. |
11 |
11 |
|
33. |
Fur dressers and dyers |
10 |
10 |
-- |
34. |
Hat-makers and makers of other articles of wear from textiles. |
1 |
1 |
-- |
35. |
Tent makers |
1 |
-- |
1 |
36. |
Makers of other made-up textile goods, including umbrellas. |
58 |
54 |
4 |
37. |
Textile Industries otherwise unclassified |
3 |
3 |
-- |
38. |
Jute pressing, baling, spinning and weaving.. |
1 |
1 |
-- |
39. |
Manufacture of rope, twine, string and other related goods from coconuts, aloes, straw, linseed and hair. |
2 |
2 |
-- |
40. |
Leather, leather products and footwear |
845 |
810 |
35 |
41. |
Tanners and all other workers in leather |
1 |
1 |
1 |
42. |
Cobblers and all other makers and repairers of boots, shoes, sandals and clogs. |
844 |
809 |
35 |
43. |
Processing and Manufacture—Metals, Chemicals and Products thereof. |
1,205 |
1,200 |
5 |
TABLE No. 2—contd.
|
Classification of Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
44. |
Manufacture of metal products, otherwise unclassified. |
1,027 |
1,023 |
4 |
45. |
Blacksmiths, horse-shoes and other workers in iron and makers of implements. |
886 |
883 |
3 |
46. |
Workers in copper, brass and bell metal |
83 |
82 |
1 |
47. |
Workers in other metals |
56 |
56 |
-- |
48. |
Cutlers and surgical and veterinary instrument makers. |
2 |
2 |
-- |
49. |
Non-ferrous Metals {Basic Manufacture).— Smelting and refining, rolling, drawing and alloying and the manufacture of castings, forgings and other basic forms of non-ferrous metals. |
4 |
4 |
-- |
50. |
Transport Equipment |
90 |
90 |
-- |
51. |
Building and repairing of ships and boats |
90 |
90 |
-- |
52. |
Electrical machinery, apparatus, appliances and supplies. |
12 |
12 |
-- |
53. |
Manufacture of electrical generating, transmission and distribution apparatus; electrical household appliances other than lights and fans; electrical equipment for motor vehicles, aircraft and railway locomotives and cars; communication equipment and related products including radios, phonographs, electric batteries, X-Ray and therapeutic apparatus, electronic tubes, etc. |
12 |
12 |
-- |
54. |
Machinery (other than electrical machinery) including Engineering Workshops.—Engineering workshops engaged in producing machines and equipment parts. |
39 |
38 |
1 |
55. |
Basic industrial Chemicals, Fertiliser and Power Alcohol. |
7 |
7 |
-- |
56. |
Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals such as acids, alkali, salts. |
5 |
5 |
-- |
57. |
Dyes, explosives and fireworks |
2 |
2 |
-- |
58. |
Manufacture of Chemical products otherwise unclassified. |
26 |
26 |
-- |
59. |
Manufacture of perfumes, cosmetic and other toilet preparations. |
10 |
10 |
-- |
60. |
Soaps and other washing and cleaning compounds. |
1 |
1 |
-- |
61. |
Paints, varnishes and lacquers and polishes.. |
14 |
14 |
-- |
62. |
Other chemical products |
1 |
1 |
-- |
63. |
Processing and Manufacture—Not elsewhere specified. |
4,072 |
3,906 |
166 |
64. |
Manufacturing Industries otherwise unclassified. |
584 |
581 |
3 |
TABLE No. 2—contd.
|
Classification of Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
65. |
Photographic and optical goods |
2 |
2 |
-- |
66. |
Workers in precious stones, precious metals and makers of jewellery and ornaments. |
551 |
550 |
1 |
67. |
Manufacture of musical instruments and appliances. |
9 |
9 |
-- |
68. |
Toy makers |
5 |
3 |
2 |
69. |
Other miscellaneous manufacturing industries, including bone, ivory, horn, shell etc. |
17 |
17 |
-- |
70. |
Products of petroleum and coal |
1 |
1 |
|
71. |
Coke ovens |
1 |
1 |
-- |
72. |
Structural clay products such as bricks, tiles, etc. |
330 |
293 |
37 |
73. |
Non-metallic mineral products |
283 |
246 |
37 |
74. |
Potters and makers of earthenware |
253 |
216 |
37 |
75. |
Lime-burners and makers of other miscellaneous non-metallic mineral products. |
30 |
30 |
-- |
76. |
Rubber products |
2 |
2 |
|
77. |
Wood and wood products other than furniture and fixtures. |
2,726 |
2,637 |
89 |
78. |
Sawyers |
60 |
60 |
|
79. |
Carpenters, turners and joiners |
2,320 |
2,316 |
4 |
80. |
Basket makers |
212 |
154 |
58 |
81. |
Other industries of woody materials, including leaves, but not including furniture or fixtures. |
134 |
107 |
27 |
82. |
Furniture and fixtures—Manufacture of household, office, public building; professional and restaurant furniture; office and store fixtures, screens, shades, etc., regardless of material used. |
3 |
3 |
-- |
83. |
Paper and paper products—Manufacture of paper and paper board and articles of pulp, paper and paper board. |
3 |
3 |
-- |
84. |
Printing and Allied Industries (Employees of Government Printing Press are classified under this sub-division). |
140 |
140 |
-- |
85. |
Printers, lithographers and engravers |
138 |
138 |
-- |
86. |
Book binders and stitchers |
2 |
2 |
-- |
87. |
Construction and Utilities |
2,225 |
2,035 |
190 |
88. |
Construction and maintenance of works—otherwise unclassified. |
41 |
41 |
-- |
89. |
Construction and maintenance—Buildings |
1,343 |
1,300 |
43 |
TABLE No. 2—contd.
|
Classification of Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
90. |
Masons and bricklayers |
278 |
265 |
13 |
91. |
Stone-cutters and dressers |
41 |
40 |
1 |
92. |
Construction of buildings with bamboos and other materials. |
995 |
995 |
-- |
93. |
Other persons engaged in the construction and/ or maintenance of buildings other than buildings made of bamboo or similar materials. |
29 |
-- |
29 |
94. |
Construction and maintenance—Roads, Bridges and other Transport Works. |
623 |
619 |
4 |
95. |
Works and Services—Electric Power and Gas supply. |
20 |
19 |
1 |
96. |
Electric supply |
20 |
19 |
1 |
97. |
Works and Services—Domestic and Industrial water-supply. |
43 |
39 |
4 |
98. |
Sanitary works and Services. |
155 |
17 |
138 |
TABLE No. 3
NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES, WARDHA DISTRICT IN 1961.
|
Classification of different Industries |
Persons |
Males |
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1. |
Mining and Quarrying |
424 |
256 |
168 |
|
2. |
Quarrying of stone (including slate), clay, sand, gravel and limestone. |
420 |
256 |
164 |
|
3. |
Manufacturing |
22,566 |
18,720 |
3,846 |
|
4. |
Food-stuffs |
1,913 |
1,430 |
483 |
|
5. |
Production of rice, atta-flour etc. by milling, de-husking and processing of crops and foodgrains. |
533 |
504 |
29 |
|
6. |
Production of butter, ghee, cheese and other dairy products. |
634 |
267 |
367 |
|
7. |
Production of edible fats, and oils (other than hydrogenated oil). |
309 |
283 |
26 |
|
8. |
Production of other food products such as sweet-meat and condiments, muri, murki, 'chira, koli, cocoa, chocolate, toffee, lozenges. |
287 |
231 |
56 |
|
9. |
Beverages |
111 |
107 |
4 |
|
10. |
Tobacco products |
241 |
118 |
123 |
TABLE No. 3—contd.
|
Classification of different Industries |
Persons |
Males
|
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
11. |
Manufacture of Bidi |
241 |
118 |
123 |
12. |
Textile—Cotton |
8,993 |
7,278 |
1,715 |
13. |
Cotton ginning, cleaning, pressing and baling. |
696 |
474 |
222 |
14. |
Cotton spinning and weaving in Mills |
6,420 |
5,778 |
642 |
15. |
Cotton weaving in handlooms |
1,708 |
910 |
798 |
16. |
Textile—Jute |
34 |
17 |
17 |
17. |
Textile—Wool |
13 |
9 |
4 |
18. |
Textile—Silk |
1 |
1 |
1 |
19. |
Textile—Miscellaneous |
2,680 |
2,404 |
276 |
20. |
Making of textile garments including raincoats and headgear. |
2,449 |
2,257 |
192 |
21. |
Manufacture of made up textile goods except wearing apparel such as curtains, pillowcases, bedding materials, mattress, textile bags. |
160 |
99 |
61 |
22. |
Manufacture of Wood and Wooden Products. |
3,586 |
3,039 |
547 |
23. |
Sawing and planing of wood |
180 |
178 |
2 |
24. |
Manufacture of wooden furniture and fixtures. |
779 |
777 |
2 |
25. |
Manufacture of structural wooden goods (including treated timber) such as beams, posts, doors, windows. |
732 |
730 |
2 |
26. |
Manufacture of wooden industrial goods other than transport equipment such as bobbin and similar equipment and fixtures. |
798 |
789 |
9 |
27. |
Manufacture of materials from cork, bamboo, cane, leaves and other allied products. |
1,069 |
539 |
530 |
28. |
Paper and paper products |
36 |
27 |
9 |
29. |
Printing and publishing |
167 |
163 |
4 |
30. |
All other types of printing including lithography, engraving, etching, block making and other work connected with printing industry. |
136 |
132 |
4 |
31. |
Leather and Leather Products |
957 |
868 |
89 |
32. |
Manufacture of shoes and other leather footwear. |
744 |
698 |
46 |
33. |
Repair of shoes and other leather footwear.. |
134 |
117 |
17 |
34. |
Rubber, Petroleum and Coal products |
5 |
5 |
-- |
35. |
Chemicals and Chemical Products |
123 |
103 |
20 |
36. |
Non-metallic Mineral Products other them Petroleum and Coal. |
1,101 |
684 |
417 |
TABLE No. 3—contd.
|
Classification of different Industries |
Persons |
Males
|
Females | |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
37. |
Manufacture of structural clay products such as bricks, tiles. |
522 |
341 |
181 |
38. |
Manufacture of earthenware and earthen pottery. |
434 |
292 |
142 |
39. |
Basic Metals and their Products except Machinery and Transport Equipment. |
1,162 |
1,062 |
100 |
40. |
Enamelling, galvanising, plating (including electroplating), polishing and welding of metal products. |
153 |
134 |
19 |
41. |
Manufacture of sundry hardwares such as G.I. Pipe, wire net, bolt, screw, bucket, cutlery. (This will also include the manufacture of sundry ferrous engineering products done by jobbing and engineering concerns). |
909 |
828 |
81 |
42. |
Machinery (All kinds other than Transport) and Electrical equipment. |
102 |
102 |
-- |
43. |
Transport Equipment |
741 |
733 |
8 |
44. |
Manufacture, assembly and repairing of locomotives. |
133 |
129 |
4 |
45. |
Manufacture of wagons, coaches, tramways and other rail road equipment. |
275 |
275 |
-- |
46. |
Repairing of bicycles and tricycles |
245 |
242 |
3 |
47. |
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries. |
600 |
570 |
30 |
48. |
Manufacture of jewellery, silverware and wares using gold and other precious metals. |
468 |
460 |
8 |
49. |
Construction |
2,994 |
2,550 |
444 |
50. |
Construction and maintenance of buildings including erection, flooring, decorative constructions, electrical and sanitary installation. |
1,299 |
1,129 |
170 |
5!. |
Construction and maintenance of roads, railways, bridges, tunnels. |
344 |
291 |
53 |
52. |
Construction and maintenance of water ways and water reservoirs such as bund, embankments, dam, canal, tank, tube-wells, wells. |
1,351 |
1,130 |
221 |
53. |
Electricity. Gas. Water and Sanitary Services |
327 |
311 |
16 |
54. |
Electricity and Gas |
272 |
269 |
3 |
55. |
Generation and transmission of electric energy. |
101 |
98 |
3 |
56. |
Distribution of electric energy |
171 |
171 |
-- |
57. |
Water Supply and Sanitary Services |
55 |
42 |
13 |
58. |
Collection, purification and distribution of water to domestic and industrial consumers. |
20 |
17 |
3 |
59. |
Garbage and sewage disposal, operation of drainage system and all other types of work connected with public health and sanitation. |
35 |
25 |
10 |
|
