AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION

IRRIGATION.

Irrigation plays an important role in stepping up agricultural production. Perennial source of irrigation serves as an insurance against drought. Realising this the Government as also the cultivators themselves have long been trying to equip lands with a permanent source of water-supply. About the irrigational facilities that prevailed in 1908 or even earlier, the old Gazetteer of the district has to say the following[Central Provinces District Gazetteers, Yeotmal District, Vol. A, 1908, p. 112]: —

"The area of irrigated land varies from year to year but is always very little. The average of the last five years is just over 10,000 acres, of which more than 8,000 acres are in Darwha taluk. About 500 acres of this, chiefly in Wun taluk, are irrigated by means of a channel, from a river or tank, patasthal bagayat. All the rest is irrigated from wells, motas-that bagayat. Only about 300 acres of rice land are irrigated from rivers or tanks, and all the remainder is garden land irrigated from wells. Almost every village of any size has one or two patches of such garden land, with plantains and other fruits and vegetables growing in it. Many of the rivers contain water for only a part of the year, and others have such high banks that they are not suitable for irrigation. At some places, especially at Widul in Pusad taluk, hollows are made in the beds of streams and the water is hoisted up from them in the same way as it is taken from a well. Superstition prevents people from interfering with some rivers lest the tutelary deity of the river should afflict their womenfolk with barrenness ".

However, it was then observed that a very small number of cultivators in the district used to take irrigated crops. In spite of the encouragement given by a low rate of assessment very little irrigation was practised. Well-irrigation was much more common than the other kind.

In 1966, there were about 59 irrigation works which together irrigated an area of 21,582 acres. These works were divided into two categories. Those which irrigated an area less than 250 acres and were looked after by the Zilla Parishad and others which were under the control of the Yeotmal Irrigation Division. The latter works were again divided into two groups viz., the minor irrigation projects and the medium irrigation projects. The Zilla Parishad irrigation works numbered 41 and irrigated an area of 439 acres. However of the 41 works only 19 works irrigated the said area. Of the 19 works, 9 were in Pusad tah'sil, 4 in Wani tahsil and the remaining 6 works were in Darwha tahsil. The minor and medium irrigation works together irrigated an area of 21,143 acres. Below given is the description of important irrigation projects in the district.

Durug Tank.

This earthen dam is located near the village Durug in Yeotmal tahsil. The construction work of the dam was completed in 1965. Its construction cost amounted to Rs. 13.3 lakhs. The area under command and that actually irrigated were 2,532 and 1,673 acres, respectively. The length of the dam is 16.37 chains with a maximum height of 63'. The waste weir is flush har type and is 200' in length. The length of the left hank main canal is 147 chains. The lands within the revenue limits of six villages, viz., Durug, Rasa, Dattapur, Jondhalni, Kalamb and Bori are irrigated. In 1965-66 however the lands were not irrigated as the reservoii did not fill up due to scanty rainfall in that year.

Dahegaon Bandhara.

This bandhara is located near Dahegaon in Wani tahsil. Its estimated cost amounts to Rs. 2.94 lakhs. The area commanded by this bandhara and the actual area irrigated are estimated at 2,555 acres and 1,500 acres, respectively. The length of this bandhara is 500' with a maximum height of 10'.6". The right bank canal is 198 chains in length. The villages, Murdhoni, Ganeshpur, Palsoni and Chikalgaon would get the benefit of this irrigation scheme.

Muchi Tank.

This tank is near Manguda village in Kelapur tahsil. Its estimated cost is Rs. 8.12 lakhs. The area commanded and the area irrigated are estimated at 1,300 acres and 960 acres, respectively. This is an earthen tank, 13 chains in length with a maximum height of 57'. The flush bar type waste weir is 200' long and the left bank canal is 314 chains in length.

Pophali Tank.

This tank is near Pophali village in Pusad tahsil. Its estimated cost is Rs. 6.78 lakhs. The area commanded and the area irrigated are estimated at 1,500 and 740 acres, respectively. This is an earthen bund with a maximum height of 39.11 feet and a length of 2,600 feet. Its flush bar type waste weir is 212' in length. The length of its main canal is 110 chains.

Taroda Tank.

This is an earthen tank near Taroda village in Pusad tahsil. Its estimated cost amounts to Rs. 7.29 lakhs. The area commanded and the actual area irrigated are estimated at 2,000 acres and 900 acres, respectively. It is 1,888' in length with a maximum height of 46'. Its flush bar type waste weir is 300' in length.

Ningnoor Tank

This irrigation tank is situated near Ningnoor village in Pusad tahsil. Its commanded area and the area irrigated are 3,923 and 1,528 acres, respectively. This is an earthen tank, 3,500' in length. Its maximum height is 61'. The flush bar type waste weir is 450' in length. About 15 villages from Mahagaon-Umarkhed block will get the benefit from this tank.

Information regarding the rest of the minor irrigation works in the district is given below: —

TABLE No. 22

MINOR IRRIGATION WORKS IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Name of irrigation work

Location

Tahsil

Year and cost of construction (Rs. in lakhs)

Area commanded (in hectares)I

Area irrigated (in hectares)I

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Kayar Dam

Near village Kayar.

Wani

*

291.374

214.483

0.17

(720)

(530)

Ambona Tank

Near Umarkhed.

Pusad

*

485.623

200.219

1.18

(1,200)

(495)

Pimpalgaon Bandhara.

Near Pimpalgaon.

Pusad

1963

242.811

161.874

0.99

(600)

(400)

Nandepera

Near

Wani

1964

242.811

182.109

Bandhara.

Nandepera.

0.76

(600)

(450)

Naigaon Bandhara.

Near Naigaon.

Yeotmal

*

364.217

161.874

--

--

1.17

(900)

(400)

Shional Tank

Near Shional..

Wani

*

364.217

153.781

--

--

4.78

(900)

(380)

Piwardol Bandhara

Near Piwardol

Wani

*

404.686

242.811

--

--

1.53

(1,000)

(600)

Kumbharkini

Near

Wani

*

323.749

163.898

Bandhara.

Kumbharkini.

1.35

(800)

(405)

Kothada Bandhara

Near Kothada

Kelapur

*

202.343

126.262

1.16

(500)

(312)

Ganeshpur (Murli) Bandhara.

Near Ganeshpur.

Kelapur

*

323.749

242.811

2.22

(800)

(600)

Rui Tank

Near Rui

Darwha..

*

141.640

109.265

4.68

(350)

(270)

* Year of construction not available.

I. Figures in brackets indicate area in acres.

This is a medium irrigation project located near the village Lingti in Kelapur tahsil. The estimated cost of the project amounts to Rs. 115.46 lakhs. The area commanded and the area irrigated by this project would be 15,000 and 9,000 acres, respectively.

Saikheda Project.

It is an earthen dam 5,610' in length with a maximum height of 70'. The length of its ogee type weir is 785'. The canals run on either side of the dam and measure 16 miles each. About 16 villages of the tahsil would get the benefit from this irrigation work. The project will completely submerge the village Vrindavan Takli and partly submerge the village Wagad.

The following table gives the tahsil-wise break-up for irrigated areas by sources of irrigation. It can be noted that except for negligible portion of land which is irrigated by tanks and canals the entire irrigation in the district is done by wells. Water is lifted with the help of mots or the oil-engines. The number of oil-engines has increased from 99 in 1951 to 883 in 1965-66. Table Nos. 24 and 25 give the irrigated area under food crops and non-food crops in the district.

TABLE No. 23

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Canals

Tube wells

Government canals

Number

Mileage

Government

Private

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Yeotmal

1957-58

--

--

--

--

1959-60

--

--

--

--

1961-62

--

--

--

--

1963-64

--

--

--

--

1965-66

--

--

--

--

Darwha

1957-58

--

--

--

--

1959-60

--

--

--

--

1961-62

--

--

--

--

1963-64

--

--

--

--

1965-66

--

--

--

--

Pusad

1957-58

--

--

12

6

1959-60

--

--

--

--

1961-62

--

--

--

--

1963-64

--

--

--

--

1965-66

--

--

--

--

continued..

Tahsil

Year

Wells

No. of wells for domestic purpose only

No. of wells not used

Reservoir

No. of other wells used for irrigation purpose only

Government

Private

Masonry

Masonry

Non-Masonry

(1)

(2)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

Yeotmal

1957-58

--

582

295

3,737

801

--

1959-60

--

687

215

2,954

964

--

1961-62

--

722

184

3,060

977

--

1963-64

--

840

253

3,060

862

--

1965-66

--

1,081

275

1,590

916

--

Darwha

1957-58

--

1,309

655

5,101

995

--

1959-60

4

1,360

675

5,246

1,240

--

1961-62

4

1,228

547

5,260

1,258

--

1963-64

--

1,360

653

5,260

1,278

--

1965-66

--

1,613

656

5,237

1,269

--

Pusad

1957-58

--

467

273

3,570

353

--

1959-60

--

629

429

3,510

437

--

1961-62

--

787

681

3,510

419

--

1963-64

--

915 

712

3,510

400

--

1965-66

--

1,091

1,138

1,747

307

--

TABLE No. 23—contd.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Canals

Tube wells

Government canals

Number

Mileage

Government

Private

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Kelapur

1957-58

--

--

3

--

1959-60

--

--

--

--

1961-62

--

--

--

--

1963-64

--

--

--

--

1965-66

--

--

--

--

1957-58

1

2

--

--

1959-60

1

2

--

--

1961-62

1

2

--

--

1963-64

1

2

--

--

1965-66

1

2

--

--

District Total.

1957-58

1

2

15

6

1959-60

1

2

--

--

1961-62

1

2

--

--

1963-64

1

2

--

--

1965-66

1

2

--

--

continued..

Tahsil

Year

Wells

No. of wells for domestic purpose only

No. of wells not used

Reservoir

No. of other wells used for irrigation purpose only

Government

Private

Masonry

Masonry

Non-Masonry

(1)

(2)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

Kelapur

1957-58

--

602

15

3,045

611

--

1959-60

--

682

15

2,750

647

--

1961-62

--

722

15

2,756

644

--

1963-64

--

771

26

2,756

665

--

1965-66

--

1,084

33

2,192

655

--

1957-58

--

109

11

3,360

88

--

1959-60

--

167

--

2,648

134

--

1961-62

--

217

--

2,650

182

--

1963-64

--

215

26

2,650

170

--

1965-66

--

642

--

296

45

115

District Total.

1957-58

--

3,069

1,249

18,813

2,848

--

1959-60

4

3,525

1,334

17,108

3,422

--

1961-62

4

3,676

1,427

17,236

3,480

--

1963-64

--

4,101

1,670

17,236

3,375

--

1965-66

--

5,511

2,102

11,062

3,192

115

TABLE No. 23contd.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Tanks

No. of oil engines

Net area irrigated* by

With ayacut 100 acres or more

With ayacut less than 100 acres

Government canals

Tanks

Wells

Other sources

(1)

(2)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

Yeotmal

1957-58

--

--

71

--

--

1,238

--

1959-60

--

--

110

--

--

1,495

--

1961-62

--

--

110

--

--

1,064

4

1963-64

--

--

198

--

--

1,556

4

1965-66

--

--

224

--

--

2,632

74

Darwha

1957-58

--

--

62

--

--

1,121

12

1959-60

--

--

120

--

--

1,164

--

1961-62

--

--

120

--

--

1,955

4

1963-64

--

--

124

--

--

2,774

--

1965-66

--

--

134

--

--

3,809

63

Pusad

1957-58

--

--

57

--

--

1,441

206

1959-60

--

--

75

--

--

1,304

10

1961-62

--

--

75

--

--

1,735

8

1963-64

--

--

133

--

--

2,178

5

1965-66

1

--

273

--

150

6,364

131

TABLE No. 23contd.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Tanks

No. of oil engines

Net area irrigated* by

With ayacut 100 acres or more

With ayacut less than 100 acres

Government canals

Tanks

Wells

Other sources

(1)

(2)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

Kelapur

1957-58

--

--

48

--

--

1,280

--

1959-60

--

--

87

--

--

1,398

18

1961-62

--

--

87

--

--

1,290

108

1963-64

--

--

103

--

--

1,598

--

1965-66

--

--

137

--

--

2,032

247

Wani

1957-58

--

2

7

190

10

440

--

1959-60

--

1

21

195

41

553

35

1961-62

--

1

21

247

71

832

--

1963-64

--

1

41

230

70

788

25

1965-66

--

1

115

230

160

1,081

28

District Total

1957-58

--

2

245

190

10

5,520

218

1959-60

--

1

413

195

41

5,914

63

1961-62

--

1

413

247

71

6,876

124

1963-64

--

1

599

230

70

8,894

34

1965-66

1

1

883

230

310

15,918

543

TABLE No. 23contd.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Percentage of net area irrigated to net area sown

Area irrigated more than once in the same year

Total gross area of crops irrigated

Percentage of total gross irrigated area to total sown area

(1)

(2)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

Yeotmal

1957-58

0.48

--

--

0.39

1959-60

0.50

124

1,619

0.50

1961-62

0.30

--

1,066

0.30

1963-64

0.40

199

1,759

0.50

1965-66

0.42

--

2,706

0.42

Darwha

1957-58

0.26

79

--

0.29

1959-60

0.20

21

1,185

0.30

1961-62

0.40

173

2,132

0.40

1963-64

0.60

522

3,296

0.70

1965-66

0.85

566

4,438

0.96

Pusad

1957-58

0.40

112

--

0.43

1959-60

0.40

218

1,532

0.40

1961-62

0.30

41

1,784

0.40

1963-64

0.50

181

2,364

0.50

1965-66

1.06

351

6,996

1.06

continued..

Tahsil

Year

No. of wells having independent ayacuts

No. of wells supplemen- ting recogni- sed sources of irrigation

Percentage of area irrigatec by wells having independent ayacuts to the total area irrigated

(1)

(2)

(24)

(25)

(26)

Yeotmal

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

--

--

--

1961-62

--

--

--

1963-64

259

--

--

1965-66

257

--

--

Darwha

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

468

1

35

1961-62

468

1

22

1963-64

388

--

--

1965-66

945

--

--

Pusad

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

210

62

41

1961-62

210

62

12

1963-64

--

--

--

1965-66

--

--

--

TABLE No. 23contd.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY AND AREA IRRIGATED IN EACH TAHSIL IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

Tahsil

Year

Percentage of net area irrigated to net area sown

Area irrigated more than once in the same year

Total gross area of crops irrigated

Percentage of total gross irrigated area to total sown area

(1)

(2)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

Kelapur

1957-58

0.36

32

--

0.36

1959-60

0.40

198

1,614

0.40

1961-62

0.40

--

1,398

0.40

1963-64

0.30

62

1,660

0.40

1965-66

0.70

149

2,428

0.70

Wani

1957-58

0.21

--

--

0.02

1959-60

0.30

74

898

0.30

1961-62

0.30

--

1,150

0.30

1963-64

0.40

--

1,113

0.40

1965-66

0.86

236

1,735

0.86

District Total

1957-58

--

223

--

--

1959-60

0.30

635

6,848

0.40

1961-62

0.30

214

7,530

0.40

1963-64

0.50

964

10,192

0.50

1965-66

0.90

1,302

18,303

0.95

continued..

Tahsil

Year

No. of wells having independent ayacuts

No. of wells supple-menting recognised sources of irrigation

Percentage of area irrigated by wells having independent ayacuts to the total area irrigated

(1)

(2)

(24)

(25)

(26)

Kelapur

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

498

37

81

1961-62

498

37

35

1963-64

502

--

--

1965-66

793

--

--

Wani

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

11

--

7

1961-62

11

--

1

1963-64

--

--

--

1965-66

334

--

--

District Total

1957-58

--

--

--

1959-60

1187

100

41

1961-62

1,187

100

16

1963-64

1,149

--

--

1965-66

2,329

--

--

*Figures of irrigated area in acres.

TABLE No. 24

AREA IRRIGATED UNDER FOOD CROPS (TAHSIL-WISE) IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

[In Acres]

Tahsil

Year

Rice

Wheat

Jowar

Barley

Maize

Gram

Sugarcane

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Yeotmal

1957-58

4

24

--

--

--

--

38

1959-60

4

48

--

--

--

4

22

1961-62

--

50

--

--

--

--

30

1963-64

5

119

--

--

--

--

25

1965-66

24

548

10

2

93

1

46

Darwha

1957-58

--

94

--

--

--

--

107

1959-60

--

151

--

--

--

--

118

1961-62

23

237

--

--

3

--

172

1963-64

16

301

--

--

8

--

196

1965-66

112

715

--

--

13

18

212

Pusad

1957-58

75

368

--

--

3

--

243

1959-60

10

71

--

--

--

--

368

1961-62

17

77

--

--

2

--

494

1963-64

34

293

--

--

--

--

600

1965-66

120

2,700

90

--

2

--

767

continued..

Tahsil

Year

Cardamom

Chillis

Turmeric

Potato

Miscellaneous

Total food crops

(1)

(2)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

Yeotmal

1957-58

--

544

--

--

616

1,226

1959-60

--

495

1

--

865

1,439

1961-62

--

364

4

3

587

1,038

1963-64

--

727

1

--

520

1,397

1965-66

4

729

2

--

796

2,255

Darwha

1957-58

--

514

--

1

496

1,212

1959-60

--

470

9

--

400

1,148

1961-62

--

373

--

2

971

1,781

1963-64

--

440

5

--

1,728

2,694

1965-66

--

819

2

--

1,591

3,482

Pusad

1957-58

--

170

39

--

771

1,669

1959-60

--

158

13

1

692

1,313

1961-62

--

154

15

1

837

1,597

1963-64

--

222

17

1

1,029

2,196

1965-66

--

774

11

1

968

5,433

TABLE No. 24contd.

AREA IRRIGATED UNDER FOOD CROPS (TAHSIL-WISE) IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

[In Acres]

Tahsil

Year

Rice

Wheat

Jowar

Barley

Maize

Gram

Sugar-cane

Cardamom

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Kelapur

1957-58

29

59

--

--

3

4

63

--

1959-60

26

196

--

--

--

--

57

--

1961-62

37

87

--

--

--

--

50

--

1963-64

21

104

--

--

2

--

107

--

1965-66

42

843

--

--

10

--

125

--

Wani

1957-58

124

9

--

--

--

--

72

--

1959-60

106

82

--

--

--

--

93

--

1961-62

214

86

--

--

--

--

72

--

1963-64

242

84

--

--

--

--

56

--

1965-66

535

423

15

--

6

--

62

2

District Total..

1957-58

232

554

--

--

6

4

523

--

1959-60

146

548

--

--

--

4

658

--

1961-62

291

537

--

--

5

--

818

--

1963-64

318

901

--

--

10

--

984

--

1965-66

833

5,229

115

2

124

l9

1,212

6

continued..

Tahsil

Year

Chillis

Turmeric

Potato

Miscellaneous

Total food crops

(1)

(2)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

Kelapur

1957-58

331

11

--

495

2,665

1959-60

288

3

--

467

1,037

1961-62

418

8

--

488

1,088

1963-64

485

4

--

547

1,273

1965-66

482

7

--

591

2,100

Wani

1957-58

90

--

--

300

595

1959-60

125

--

--

492

898

1961-62

121

3

--

514

1,010

1963-64

282

2

--

421

1,087

1965-66

310

1

--

28

1,382

District Total

1957-58

1,649

50

1

2,678

5,697

1959-60

1,536

26

1

2,916

5.835

1961-62

1,430

30

6

3,397

6,514

1963-64

2,156

32

1

4,245

8,647

1965-66

3,114

23

1

3,974

14,652

TABLE No. 25

AREA IRRIGATED UNDER NON-FOOD CROPS (TAHSIL-WISE) IN YEOTMAL DISTRICT

[In Acres]

Tahsil

Year

Cotton

Castor

Fodder crops

Miscellaneous nonfood crops

Total nonfood crops

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Yeotmal

1957-58

12

--

--

--

12

1959-60

176

--

--

4

180

1961-62

25

--

5

--

30

1963-64

362

--

--

--

362

1965-66

449

2

--

--

451

Darwha

1957-58

--

--

--

--

--

1959-60

35

--

2

--

37

1961-62

325

--

7

19

351

1963-64

598

--

4

--

602

1965-66

896

--

28

32

956

Pusad

1957-58

--

--

31

58

89

1959-60

22

--

64

133

219

1961-62

161

--

--

26

187

1963-64

167

--

--

--

167

1965-66

1,376

--

13

174

1,563

Kelapur

1957-58

207

--

16

93

316

1959-60

201

--

147

229

577

1961-62

310

--

--

--

310

1963-64

387

--

--

--

387

1965-66

328

--

--

--

328

Wani

1957-58

--

--

--

45

45

1959-60

--

--

--

--

--

1961-62

140

--

--

--

140

1963-64

26

--

--

--

26

1965-66

222

--

15

116

353

District Total

1957-58

219

--

47

196

462

1959-60

434

--

213

366

1,013

1961-62

961

--

12

45

1,018

1963-64

1,540

--

4

--

1,544

1965-66

3,271

2

56

322

3,651

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