RAILWAYS

CENTRAL RAILWAY

Before regrouping of railways, this railway line was popularly known as the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. The following account traces its history in brief:

The general scheme for railway construction in India was formulated in 1843 and plans were prepared for a line from Kurla to Thane, to be called "The Bombay Great Eastern Railway ". The permanent way was proposed to consist of wrought iron rails. Passengers, cattle, sheep, etc. were proposed to be carried by two daily trains in each direction, all goods being conveyed by horse-traction. Eventually horse agency was rejected in favour.of locomotives for all trains, which were not to exceed a speed of ten miles an hour. This scheme was investigated by a special committee and was finally approved by the citizens of Bombay. At a public meeting in the Town Hall (now housing the Central Library) on 19th April 1845, an " Inland Railway Association " was formed for the purpose of promoting enquiries into the applicability of railway communication to this side of India. Meanwhile, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was formed for the same purpose in London. In response to its suggestions an influential committee was also formed in Bombay in July 1845 to work in conjunction with the London Com­mittee, and in the August of the same year an officer was despatched to Bombay to make enquiries on the spot. After the countryside upto the ghats as also the ghat areas had been thoroughly surveyed by him, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was incorporated by an Act of 1st August 1849. The East India Company entered into a contract with the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company, London for laying down railway lines in India in 1851. Accordingly the first railway line in India was opened for traffic from Bombay to Thane on 16th April 1853. The opening of this railway line was one of the most important land­marks in the economic development not only of the Bombay-Thane region but also of the outlying areas and hinterlands. An account of the opening ceremony is given below (" When First Train chalked out "—an article by K. R. Vaidyanathan in the Economic Times of 13th April 1975.).

"It was a warm sticky, sultry Saturday (16th April 1853) afternoon with the sun shining rather unkindly. That time there steamed from a little wooden station (that was Bori Bunder, 122 years ago), a little train that heralded the introduction of Railway to India and the East. It was a different Bombay which witnessed momentous scene—a Bombay bereft of its architectural beauties and its industrial horrors, of its hurtling trains and roaring buses—a Bombay which one would have to see to believe.

" The railway between Bombay and Thana was opened with all due pomp and ceremony............

" Soon after 2 O'clock the awning and shed began to be filled with all the beauty, rank and fashion of Bombay. A large number of honourable persons amounting in all to nearby five hundred individuals, helped by their presence, to give eclat and honour to the occasion.

" The day was declared a public holiday. A space around the railway shed was thickly thronged with people of all classes, creeds and colours. Bands played, guns fired from the fort's rampart, when, at the signalled moment, the train with 400 guests comfortably started was set in motion and went majestically along its course to the astonishment and wonder of the assembled thousands.

" The whole line densely crowded with spectators from the terminus to the flats beyond Byculla, tier after tier of the houses in the native town were tilled as thickly as they could be by men, women and children. The scene altogether was one of the great beauty and excitement.

" On crossing the flats and getting into the country between Mahim and Sion Causeway, spectators from the neighbouring villages were still found lining both sides of the rail, thus it continued more or less all the way to Thana, the approaches to which were also densely crowded.

" Including a short halt beyond Sion, for the purpose of taking in water, the trip to Thana was accomplished in 57 minutes.

" At Thana in a suite of Durbar Tent covers were laid for 400 peoples, where some eminent persons delivered speeches."

An interesting account of railways during the 19tb century upto the first decade of this centuryis reproduced below from the Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island published in 1909.(For detailed history of Railways see Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island, Vol. I, 1909, pp. 342-58.)

"On April the 16th, 1853, the first twenty-one miles of rail from Bombay to Thana were opened for traffic. The day was kept as a public holiday, and the Commander-in-Chief placed the garrison band at the disposal of the Company and arranged for the firing of salutes. This year also witnessed the registration of a second contract providing inter alia for the construction of a line ' from Kalyan to Shawpoor ' (now Asan-gaon, 54 miles from Bombay). On the 1st May 1854, the extension to Kalyan was opened; and towards the end of the year Mr. Berkley submitted a report in favour of the Thai Ghat incline for a trunk line towards Khandesh, and added in the following year a second report which advocated the construction of a locomotive incline over the Bhor Ghat. New year's day 1861, witnessed the opening of the line to Kussarah at the foot of the Thali Ghat, the three termini at Nagpur, Jubbulpore and Raichur being respectively reached on the 20th February 1867, the 8th March 1870 and the 1st May 1871."
" The Thal Ghat incline was opened in January, 1865. The subjoined table shows the magnitude of the work accomplished on the two inclines:—
                         

	Thal Ghat	Bhor Ghat
Total Length of Incline	9 miles, 26 chains	15 miles, 69 chains
Total Rise	972 feet	1831 feet
Number of Tunnels	13	25
Longest Tunnel	490 yards	437 yards
Number of Viaducts	6	8
Largest Viaduct	250 yards long 200 ft. high	168 yards long ,    139 ft. high
Total Cost	Rs. 55,12,217	Rs. 1,05,00,297

"The incalculable benefits conferred upon the country by the two main lines of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway were so quickly manifested that, even before those lines were completed, fresh railways were projected which have gradually been linked up to the Great Indian Peninsula system since 1871."

"On the 1st January 1885, an agreement was entered into between the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Company and the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company for the interchange of coaching and goods stock. Each line also acquired power to run over the track of the other via Dadar Junction, so that the former company could send its goods trains direct to Carnac Bandar and the latter obtained the same privilege in respect of Colaba. Further it was mutually agreed that, if at any future date it appeared expedient in the interest of the public service to do so, a local passenger train service should be established between Bandra on the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway and the Victoria Terminus via Dadar Junction."

" On the 1st July 1900, the Secretary of State, in accordance with the terms of the contract of 1848, exercised his right of purchase; and the railway passed from the hands of the company into those of Government, the purchase-price being £ 34,859,217 payable by means of annuities extending over a period of 48 years and 48 days. Further by virtue of indentures of the 21st December 1900 between the Secretary of State and the Great Indian Peninsula and Indian Midland Railway Companies, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company undertook to manage, maintain and work the two systems as one, thereby adding to the 1,562 miles of their own line a further mileage of 1,239."

" When the construction of the line was commenced the Chief Engineer's office was situated in the Bombay Green (now Elphinstone Circle), being subsequently transferred to Mount Castle in Victoria Road, Mazagaon. About 1863, it was located in a lane leading off Grant Road, and was again moved in, 1866 to Byculla Villa, now the G.I.P. Railway Infirmary. During this period the Agent's and Accountant's offices were housed in Shankarsett's bungalow, opposite the Synagogue at Byculla. In 1869, the Chief Engineer's office was moved to the building in Church Gate street, known as the old B.B. & C.I. Railway offices, whilp the Agent's and Accountant's offices were accommodated for a short time in the present Temple Bar Hotel, facing the King's Equestrian Statue. In 1870, all three offices were removed to Messrs. Remington & Co.'s building in Elphinstone Circle. The Traffic offices had been located from the commencement in the old station buildings at the Bori Bandar; while the headquarters of the Locomotive department were at Byculla....... being eventually removed to Parel in June, 1882. Finally in 1886, all the offices, except those of the Locomotive department, were transferred to the splendid building at Bori Bandar known as the Victoria Terminus.(For history and details of Victoria Terminus, see Chapter 19 on Places in Vol. III.) The Company's workshops at Parel were opened in 1879."

" The following table shows the earnings of the Company at quinquennial intervals since 1854:—

(In thousands; 000s omitted)

 

Year	Total receipts	Net earnings	Year	Total receipts	Net earnings
	Rs.	Rs.		Rs.	Rs.
1854	2,28	1,03	1884	3,36,56	1,60,42
1859	18,27	8,92	1889	3,70,69	1,80,09
1864	71,60	19,44	1894	3,62,74	1,63,83
1869	1,58,01	52,97	1890	3,58,09	1,59,44
1874	2,01,66	82,34	1904	4,82,41	2,41,80
1879	2,52,48	1,01,90	1908	4,68,33	1,76,86

"The total receipts and net earnings of the company in 1908 amounted to Rs. 4,68,32,971 and Rs. 1,76,86,213 respectively. The most prosperous year was 1891, when the total receipts amounted to 452 lakhs, and the net earnings to about 234 lakhs. In the same year the highest tonnage of up traffic only, dealt with in a single day at Bombay, was 11,260 tons; while the daily average for the first six months of the year was 5,638 tons."

"In 1870, through communication was established with Calcutta, and in 1871 with Madras, which led to a large increase in both passenger and goods traffic. From 1880 onwards the goods traffic has steadily expanded, owing in large measure to the rapid growth of the European factory system in Bombay and the consequently increased traffic in cotton. The quantity of cotton imported into Bombay by the railway has been more than trebled since 1880, the quantity carried in 1905 amounting to 339,047 tons as compared with 89,115 tons in 1880. The general increase in the goods traffic is also largely attributable to larger export from Bombay of grain and oilseeds, while the railway has carried out of Bombay to other parts of India an ever-increasing quantity of piece-goods, twist, yarn and European machinery. A great reduction in the rates of fares since 1871 has been the chief cause of the increased passenger traffic; for whereas in 1871 the rates for 1st class, 2nd class, 3rd class, by mail-trains, and 3rd class by ordinary trains, were respectively ii annas, 9 pies, 4 pies, and 2 1/2 pies per mile, in 1908 they stood respectively at one anna, 6 pies, 3 pies and 2 1/2 pies per mile for the first 50 miles and 2 pies per mile over 50 miles. For local trains the 3rd class fare is calculated at 2 pies per mile."

The subjoined table gives the average number of passengers conveyed and the average tonnage of goods carried to and from Bombay City from 1870 to 1908:—

Number	1870	1880	1890	1900	1908
Of passengers booked to and from stations in Bombay City.	1,507,421	2,250,822	7,798,154	14,363,703	15,479,854
Of passengers   booked   to stations in Bombay City.	721,144	1,108,690	3,874,496	7,109,945	7,647,426
Of Tons of goods booked to and from stations in Bombay City.	339,771	693,373	1,261,124	1,277,087	1,825,007
Of Tons of goods booked to stations in Bombay City.	212,905	307,013	938,455	716,610	1,247,111

 

The following table shows the number of passengers daily conveyed between Victoria Terminus and Dadar, Sion, Thana and Kalyan since 1870:—

                                           

Between		Number of Daily Passengers
Station	Station	1870	1880	1890	1900	1908
	Dadar	37	32	672	1,391	1,142
	Sion		25	221	477	441
Victoria Terminus	Thana	160	223	966	1,416	1,376
	Kalyan	71	88	582	919	1,051
	Total	268	368	2,441	4,203	4,010

The harbour branch of this railway was opened for traffic in 1915. There is an important viaduct at Sandhurst Road Station for Harbour line which is flying over the main lines. It is located between kms 1.18 and 2.12. It has 39 spans of various lengths.

An increase of passenger traffic was also likewise noticeable between the city and its suburbs. Excluding the terminus there are 28 stations within the limits of Greater Bombay, viz., (1) Masjid, (2) Sandhurst Road, (3) Byculla, (4) Chinchpokli, (5) Currey Road, (6) Parel, (7) Dadar Junc­tion, (8) Matunga, (9) Sion, (10) Kurla, (11) Vidyavihar, (12) Ghatkopar, (13) Vikhroli, (14) Kanjur Marg, (15) Bhandup and (16) Mulund on the Bombay-Kalyan section; and (1) Dockyard Road, (2) Reay Road, (3) Cotton Green, (4) Sewri, (5) Vadala Road, (6) King's Circle, (7) Mahim Junction, (8) Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar (former Koliwada), (9) Chuna-bhatti, (10) Chembur, (11) Govandi and (12) Mankhurd on the harbour railway. Between all these and the Western Railway's (Bombay-Bandra railway line) stations a very large number of commuters travel daily; and perhaps the most noticeable increase is between the terminus and suburban places outside the Bombay city and also places outside the Greater Bombay area. The difficulties in obtaining house accommodation within the city has of late years become so acute that many persons have built, and are still building houses in the northern and eastern portions of the city or aie seeking accommodations at places as far distant as Vasai, Virar, Kalyan, Karjat, Kasara, etc. The local train service was introduced in 1870. To meet the above mentioned outward movement, the railway has arranged an excellent local train service.

The suburban services of the Central Railway in Bombay area are run on three independent sets of double line. The main suburban section extends from Bombay to Kalyan. This quadruple route is provided with automatic signalling. There is another set of suburban line viz., Harbour branch line. It originates at Bombay V.T. and serves the Dock area in the eastern part of the city. It bifurcates near Vadala with one branch running towards Mankhurd and another to Bandra connecting Western Railway. The daily number of local trains was only 13 in 1870. This increased to 904 in 1984. The railway line is quadruple upto Kalyan and serves the needs of heavy traffic of local trains and through trains as well as goods trains. The entire length of railway on this line is electrified and all the trains are operated by electric locomotives while local trains are operated by electric motor coaches.(Details of suburban trains are given in the Addenda to this Chapter.) Besides the local trains from Bombay to suburban termini, a number of mail, express and passenger trains are run on this route daily. At present (November 1984) they are : (1) Bombay-Howrah Gitanjali Express, (2) Dadar-Varanasi Express, (3) Bombay-Gorakhpur Express, (4) Vidarbha Express, (5) Punjab Mail, (6) Calcutta Mail via Nagpur, (7) Calcutta Mail via Allahabad, (8) Bombay-Howrah Janata Express (twice in a week); Bhagalpur Janata Express (four times in a week) or Muzaffarpur Janata Express (once in a week), (9) Howrah Express via Nagpur, (10) Amritsar Express, (11) Panchavati Express, (12) Mahanagari Express and (13) Bhusawal Passengers (two in number) towards Bhusawal; and (1) Deccan Express, (2) Udyan Express, (3) Koyana Express, (4) Hyderabad Express, (5) Dadar-Madras Express, (6) Sinhagad Express (The Sinhagad double decker express was introduced on 12th April 1978 with an intention of providing accommodation to more travellers between Bombay and Pune. It was introduced instead of the Bombay-Pune Janata Express.), (7) Deccan Queen Express, (8) Sahyadri Express, (9) Madras Mail, (10) Siddheshwar Express, (11) Trivendrum Jayanti Janata Express, (12) Mahalaxmi Express, (13) Minar Express, (14) Madras Janata Express, (15) Bombay-Daund-Manmad Passenger and (16) Pune Passenger towards Pune.

Out of these above mentioned 30 pairs long distance passenger trains plying on this division, 25 pairs are dealt with at Bombay V.T., and remaining pairs are dealt with at Dadar. To meet the increasing traffic on this division, various efforts are made to increase the passenger accommodation by running additional trains, attaching additional coaches to the trains by dieselisation of trains, and remodelling of V.T. yard and Mazgaon yards to deal with longer trains. These measures have helped in increasing the train services thereby easing the over­crowding on the long distance trains to a considerable extent. During summer holidays special arrangements are made at Bombay V.T. for booking of passengers and by running Holiday Specials.

Table No. 1 shows the statistics of daily passenger traffic of the local suburban trains on Central Railway in Greater Bombay.

TABLE No. 1
Daily Passenger Traffic of Suburban Trains on Central Railway in Greater Bombay (March 1975)

		Number of outgoing passengers			Number of incoming passengers			Grand total of outgoing and incoming passengers handled
	Station	To C.R. stations	To W.R. stations	Total	From C.R. stations	From W.R. stations	Total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	Bombay V. T	2,94,812	42,305	3,37,117	3,11,668	42,941	3,54,609	6,91,726
2.	Masjid	40,765	3,455	44,240	36,540	3,147	39,687	83,927
3.	Sandhurst Road	28,852	3,006	31,858	23,150	3,113	26,263	58,121
4.	Byculla	74,936	6,881	81,817	76,486	6,785	83,271	1,65,088
5.	Chinchpokli	21,914	1,594	23,508	22,214	1,405	23,619	47,127
6.	Currey Road	20,663	129	20,792	17,106	117	17,223	38,015
7.	Parel	30,323	92	30,415	30,828	97	30,925	61,340
8.	Dadar	73,838	2,974	76,812	72,073	3,333	75,406	1,52,218
9.	Matunga	21,600	2,160	23,760	21,217	2,025	23,243	47,003
10	Sion	36,159	4,148	40,307	34,186	4,972	39,158	79,465
11	Kurla	80,083	5,893	85,970	76,394	6,197	82,591	1,68,567
12	vidyavihar	9,691	759	10,450	10,796	730	11,526	21,976
13	Ghatkopar	96,802	7,337	1,04,139	98,456	7,002	1,05,458	2,09,597
14	Vikhroli	46,252	4,386	50,638	45,707	4,251	49,958	1,00,596
15	Kanjur Marg	26,127	2,750	28,877	27,330	2,689	30,019	53,896
16	Bhandup	45,806	5,924	51,732	50,618	5,879	56,497	1,08,229
17	Mulund	52,891	2,446	55,337	52,351	2,088	54,439	1,09,776
18	Dockyard Road	11,557	2,590	14,147	9,784	2,223	12,007	26,154
19	Reay Road	16,131	2,554	18,695	15,117	2,677	17,794	36,479
20	Cotton Green	19,966	2,584	22,490	19,866	2,399	22,265	44,755
21	Sewri	25,264	3,233	28,497	24,927	3,471	28,398	56,895
22	Vadala Road	33,407	3,664	37,071	36,090	3,864	39,954	77,025
23	King's Circle	14,199	5,827	20,026	14,491	5,418	19,909	39,035
24	Mahim	11,281		11,261	11,095		11,095	22,376
25	Bandra	23,545		23,545	23,232		23,232	46,777
26	Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar.	19,401	65	19,466	18,069	57	18,126	37,592
27	Chunabhatti	7,043	72	7,115	6,094	71	6,785	13,880
28	Chembur	41,401	3,011	44,412	41,634	2,883	44,517	88,929
29	Govandi	27,724	2,082	29,806	25,366	1,949	27,215	57,121
30	Mankhurd	.     13,486	692	14,178	14,047	889	14,936	29,114

C.R. = Central Railway. W.R. = Western Railway.

Table No. 2 shows the statistics of season tickets and card tickets sold from each of the Central Railway stations in Greater Bombay for suburban trains during 1976-77.

TABLE No. 2
Number of Season Tickets and Card Tickets sold in Greater Bombay, 1976-77

Station	Season tickets	Card tickets
1	2	3
1. Bombay V.T.	3,73,10,050	74,02,692
2. Masjid	61,62,300	65,96,400
3. Sandhurst Road	65,96,050	48,85,336
4. Byculla	1,54,90,900	68,33,047
5. Chinchpokli	44,20,700	21,20,184
6. Currey Road	61,76,800	24,34,843
7. Parel	6,48,800	25,26,167
8. Dadar	1,46,86,050	90,59,719
9. Matunga	48,47,200	24,66,342
10. Sion	1,13,53,300	42,17,599
11. Kurla	3,45,63,132	1,14,31,617
12. Vidyavihar	22,22,850	32,95,008
13. Ghatkopar	3,78,28,850	1,06,34,259
14. Vikhroli	1,77,26,600	50,09,190
15. Kanjur Marg	77,97,850	20,08,307
16. Bhandup	1,90,31,050	42,99,882
17. Mulund	1,84,21,000	56,43,982
18. Dockyard Road	35,68,100	19,53,493
19. Reay Road	30,26,650	18,25,493
20. Cotton Green	65,22,950	22,24,468
21. Sewri	77,86,000	30,23,069
22. Vadala Road	1,15,61,850	12,58,666
23. King's Circle	60,56,750	21,71,370
24. Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar	70,51,550	23,99,498
25. Chunabhatti	24,25,250	9,62,780
26. Chembur	1,43,01,600	29,58,976
27. Govandi	91,03,750	37,83,421
28. Manjkhurd	69,28,200	12,76,172
29. Mahim	13,30,900	14,15,288
30. Bandra	37,22,350	27,40,477

The following statement shows the through train passengers' traffic on Central Railway in Greater Bombay for the year 1976 -77 :—

	Station	Number of through train tickets sold 1976-77		Station	Number of through train tickets sold 1976-77
1.	Bombay V. T.	23,56,888	12.	Vikhroli	3,527
2.	Masjid	8	13.	Bhandup	8,561
3.	Byculla	65,025	14.	Mulund	42,822
4.	Currey Road	6	15.	Vadala Road	1
5.	Parel	48	16.	Chembur	1
6.	Dadar	15,24,013	17.	Girgaon Central Booking Office.	17,666
7.	Matunga	4
8.	Sion	5	18.	Kalbadevi Central Booking Office	22,491
9.	Kurla	83,401
10.	Vidyavihar	3	19.	Mohammad Ali Road Central Booking Office	22,932
11.	Ghatkopar	6,873

The division serves the largest industrial complex in the Bombay-Thane industrial belt, besides the port of Bombay. Consequently, the bulk of the goods traffic is in the form of terminal traffic rather than through traffic. The goods traffic from Bombay is handled at the following important yards and goods sheds : (1) Goods terminal at Wadi Bunder; (2) Byculla goods yard serving goods shed and sidings; (3) Interchange yard at Dadar for Central and Western Railways; (4) Goods yard at Trombay serving the Fertilizer Corporation sidings, Bharat Refineries sidings, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation sidings, Tata Thermal Power Station sidings, Indian Oil Blending Ltd. sidings, Union Carbide of India Ltd. sidings, and Calico Chemical Ltd. sidings; (5) Kurla goods yard serving all the industrial sidings and goods sheds from Sion to Bhandup area; and (6) New Mulund Goods Terminal.

The following statement shows the goods traffic of wagons loaded with tonnage in terms of four wheelers from each of the stations in Greater Bombay for 1975-76 and 1976-77 :—_

 

Sation	Year
	1975-76		1976-77
	Total No. of wagons	Total tonnage*	Total No. of wagons	Total tonnage*
Wadi Bunder	75,331	11,94,227	74,088	14,15,703
Sion	2,796	45,920	4,067	71,392
Kurla	311	4,828	281	3,685
Trombay	86,784	17,89,272	1,05,319	21,62,029
Vidyavihar	1,060	25,348	920	22,835
Ghatkopar	298	5,555	267	3,952
Vikhroli	2,093	13,863	2,044	14,628
Bhandup	1,891	37,601	1,924	39,036
	1,70,564	31,16,614	1,88,910	37,33,260

*In metric tonnes.

Number of wagons unloaded from each of the stations in Greater Bombay for 1975-76 and 1976-77 are as under:—

Station		Year
		1975-76		1976-77
		No. of wagons	Tonnage*	No. of wagons	Tonnage*
1.	Wadi Bunder	97,082	16,20,282	99,142	16,71,056
2.	Sion	9,120	1,82,400	18,467	3,69,340
3.	Kurla	2,140	2,647	2,456	9,008
4.	Trombay	26,694	6,11,891	29,862	15,69,602
5.	Vidyavihar	10,729	3,67,366	11,161	3,53,592
6.	Ghatkopar	3,513	70,260	5,036	1,00,720
7.	Vikhroli	4,016	81,320	7,243	1,25,703
8.	Bhandup	4,489	94,185	4,149	83,016
9.	Mulund yard	570	13,913	7,474	2,59,657
	Total	1,58,353	30,44,264	1,34,990	45,41,694

* In metric tonnes.

Workshops: There are three Central Railway Workshops in Greater Bombay, whose brief description is given below :

(1) Signal and Telecommunication Workshop, Byculla : This workshop undertakes repairs, periodical maintenance and manufacture of signal and telecommunication equipments. It also undertakes repairs of medical equipments. The manufactures of this workshop are self-printing ticket machines, C. P, valves, AWC-2 Zincs, wagon retarders, moped trolleys, multiplexing equipments, axle counters, etc. A full-fledged maintenance and repair cell for ultrasonic flaw-detectors and rail testers has been set up in this workshop. The strength of staff during 1976-77 in this workshop was approximately 950.

(2)Locomotive Workshop, Parel: Periodical overhauling, major repairs and special repairs to steam, electric, diesel hydraulic, diesel electric engines and cranes are undertaken in this workshop. A comparative statement of some important works done in this workshop is given below:—

	Year
	1974-75	1975-76	1976-77
(1) Number of locomotives overhauled and repaired	241	248	264
(2) Number of cranes repaired and overhauled	33	40	40
(3) Number of non-loc boilers reparied	5	54	66

Locomotive components are also manufactured and supplied to different divisions of Central Railway. During 1976-77, the total strength of staff in this workshop was approximately 6,900.

(3) Carriage and Wagon Workshop, Matunga: This workshop undertakes major repairs, and periodical overhauling of carriages and wagons. Some important works undertaken during the past three years are given below:—

	Year
	1974-75	1975-76	1976-77
(1) Number of locomotives overhauled and repaired	3,263	3,568	3,609
2) Number of cranes repaired and overhauled	3,189	4,341	4,113

During 1976-77, the total strength of staff employed in this workshop was 5,900 approximately.

(4)  Electric Multiple Unit Car Shed, Kurla : As on 1st Nov. 1984,904 suburban trains were run on the suburban sections of Bombay Division. All the rakes and coaches required for running these suburban trains are maintained in this shed. Periodical overhauling of electrical equipments of electric multiple unit coaches are also undertaken here. As on 31st March 1977, the capacity of holding of electric multiple unit coaches of this car shed was 718 of which motor coaches numbered 284.

The number of electric multiple unit coaches periodically overhauled and repaired at Kurla car shed during the three years was as under:—

Year	Periodically overhauled	Special repairs	Total
1974-75	303	23	326
1975-76	434	18	452
1-76-77	444	21	465

In 1976-77, the total strength of staff in this car shed was 2,300 approximately.

(5)  Diesel Loco Shed, Kurla : This loco shed undertakes the repairs of diesel hydraulic engines. In 1976-77, 54 diesel hydraulic engines were maintained in this loco shed. These locomotives are utilised mainly for yard shunting and for running pilots and shunters on Bonabay-Kalyan section. The total strength of staff at this loco shed was 400 approximately.

There is a direct current electric loco shed at Kalyan where about 125 direct current electric locomotives are being maintained. These locomotives are utilised for running goods and passenger carrying trains on Bombay Division. There is a maintenance shed at Bombay V.T. for undertaking repairs to passenger train engines. There is also a mainte­nance shed at Kalyan yard where goods train engines are repaired. A small servicing depot is also functioning at Wadi Bunder to attend to electric engines. Besides, there is also a steam loco shed at Kalyan which repairs and maintains 17 WG type steam engines. These steam engines are utilised mainly for yard shunting and pilot running.

The Thermal Power Station at Thakurli generates power for con­sumption on Central Railway lines. It also purchases power from other companies, transforms it into direct current and distributes to Central Railway lines. During 1976-77, it generated 26,39,52,000 KWH power and purchased 23,26,80,000 KWH power from other companies and distributed 49,66,32,000 KWH power to Central Railway.

There is a general stores depot located at Currey Road and a scrap stores depot located at Haji Bunder.

Important Railway Buildings :

Victoria Terminus Station building : It is a two-storeyed building with stone masonry, load bearing structure built in Gothic-Saracenic style. This building was built in 1888 and named after Queen Victoria in honour of her Golden Jubilee on the 20th June 1887. It has a series of well propor­tioned and delicately ornamental arches, giving it the look of a ground cathedral. This effect is further heightened by a central dome set off by a number of smaller domes and conical towers reminiscent of Westminster Abbey.

This building is the administrative headquarters of Central Railway. Two multi-storeyed buildings were constructed later at Bombay V.T. to accommodate all the offices of the Railway on account of expansion of the activities of Central Railway.

The Divisional Headquarters of Bombay Division is also located near the old administrative building. Bombay V.T. is one of the biggest terminals in India. There are thirteen platforms at Bombay V.T. out of which five platforms are exclusively utilised for dealing with long distance passenger trains. In 1984-85, 25 down and 25 up mail/express/passenger trains were handled daily at these platforms. Eight platforms are exclu­sively available for dealing with suburban trains which arrive and leave V.T. on the three corridors i.e., harbour branch, local lines and through lines. In 1984, 904 suburban trains (452 down and 452 up) were handled at Bombay V.T.

Both the suburban and main line stations at Bombay V.T. have waiting halls, Station Masters' office, booking offices, book-stalls, canteens, cloak­rooms, etc. The main line station building contains a post and telegraph office, reservation and enquiry offices, retiring rooms, restaurants, cloak­rooms, etc.

The office of the Divisional Superintendent is also situated in the divisional headquarters office at Bombay V.T. The passenger, goods and suburban trains' operation of the entire Bombay Division is controlled from this control office.
Central Railway Printing Press and Stationery Depot, Byculla : This is the only printing press of Central Railway where all printing work of Central Railway is undertaken. The printing work done and the stationery items manufactured amounted to Rs. 98.45 lakhs and Rs. 10.25 lakhs, respectively during 1975-76. The total strength of staff of this printing press was approximately 1,100.

Railway Hospital, Byculla : This is the headquarters hospital of the Central Railway where medical facilities are available for treatment of railway employees and their dependents. There are as many as 315 beds available in this hospital. During 1976-77, 10,053 patients were treated in this hospital.

Besides, there are Jour health units and four Lock-up dispensaries in Greater Bombay area. Health units are located at Bombay V.T., Parel, Matunga and Kurla. Minor cases are treated in these units. Lock-up dispensaries are located at Trombay, Dock Yard R,oad, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar and Wadi Bunder.

New Schemes :

Optimisation of Suburban Services : The existing suburban train services are short of transport requirements. In order to meet the increase in the suburban counter traffic, it is planned to increase the frequency of train services from the present 6 minutes to 5 minutes and ultimately to 3 minutes in the peak periods on all the three corridors, i.e. through lines, local lines and harbour branch lines. The work on the first phase for introduction of 5 minutes service had been sanctioned by the Rail­way Board and active measures were taken for increasing frequency of trains (1977). This involved mainly respacing of signals, modification in the level crossings, elimination of certain level crossings, construction of a new maintenance car shed at Kalwa for electric motor unit coaches and acquisition of more electric motor unit rakes.

A separate study has also been made by the Metropolitan Transport Project (Railways) for an additional corridor between Goregaon and Fort Market involving an investment of Rs. 154 crores with a new underground terminal near Fort Market. The study also envisages an additional pair of lines between Bhandup and Kurla as an extension of the present Harbour Branch line. Its implementation is under consideration.

In connection with the optimisation of suburban services, certain proposals are also under consideration of the Railways for implementa­tion.  They  include  (a) remodelling of V.T. suburban platforms for double discharge facilities similar to Churchgate station (i.e. platforms on both sides of a train) and speedier outlet through the suburban concourse; and (b) doubling of Chembur-Mankhurd single line section (4 kms) to facilitate an increase in the number of trains on Chembur-Mankhurd section.(This work has been completed.)

Remodelling of Mazgaon Yard : As V.T. yard is space bound and no major expansion is possible to deal with longer trains of more than 12 bogies, the Railways have developed Mazgaon Yard as an auxiliary yard to deal with longer trains. The work of remodelling of Mazgaon yard is being undertaken phasewise. Certain remodelling works are already being completed and some more phases are required to be under­taken at the earliest. The total estimated cost of remodelling Mazgaon yard is Rs. 1.03 crores.

Development of New Mulund Goods Terminal: A large number of industries has been set up in and around Thane area. In order to meet the needs of the same, a new goods terminal is being developed at Mulund, at an estimated cost of Rs. 1.41 crores. Certain works in the fiist phase have been completed and the goods shed at present is open for inward traffic of certain commodities like iron and steel.

 WESTERN RAILWAY

This railway was originally constructed and owned by the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Co., which was found in 1855. The first survey of the line from Bombay to Baroda was completed by Col. Kennedy in 1854. Afterwards the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Co. was incorporated by an Act of Parliament dated 2nd July 1855, and on 21st November in that year concluded with the East India Company a contract for the construction of railway line from Surat to Baroda and Ahmedabad. On the 2nd February 1859 a further contract was entered into for the construction of a line south­wards from Surat to Bombay. The work of constructing the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway was commenced in May 1856, and the first section from Amroli to Ankleshwar, 28 3/4miles was opened for traffic in February 1860. In January 1861, a line of 43 3/4miles was opened from Baroda to the south and before the end of the year, com­munication between Bulsar and Baroda (123 miles) was established. This line was not connected with Bombay until November 1864, when the main line to Ahmedabad may be said to have been completed. The railway lines between various stations within the limits of Bombay had been opened on the following dates : (1) from Colaba to Marine Lines on 18th January 1870, (2) from Marine Lines to Charni Road on 19th June 1869, (3) from Charni Road to Grant Road on 3rd September 1868 and (4) Grant Road and beyond on 28th November 1864. The whole line from Bombay (Colaba) to Wadhwan was opened for traffic in 1872. There is a major bridge across the Mahim Creek between Mahim and Bandra.  

The portion between Colaba terminus and Church gate was dismantled in 1936 and since then Churchgate was made a terminus of suburban train services. The local train service was introduced on this railway in 1918. The dates of first opening for public service of electrified sections in this area are (1) Colaba to Borivli on 5th January 1928 (two tracks), (2) Borivli to Virar on 1st September 1936, (3) Bandra to Andheri (through, line tracks) on 15th April 1953 and (4) Andheri to Borivli (through line tracks) on 1st April 1955. Quadrupling between Borivli and Grant Road was completed in 1925; while the quadrupling between Churchgate and Grant Road was completed in 1972.

With effect from 1st January 1942, the lines worked by Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway came to vest in the Government of India and the present zone viz., Western Railway was formed on 5th November 1951. From 1880 onwards the goods traffic has steadily expanded, owing to the rapid growth of industries, trade and commerce in Bombay, An increase of passenger traffic was likewise noticeable between the city and its suburbs. Excluding the terminus of local trains i.e., Churchgate, the Western Railway has 21 stations within the limits of Greater Bombay, viz., (1) Marine Lines, (2) Charni Road, (3) Grant Road, (4) Bombay Central, (5) Mahalaxmi, (6) Lower Parel, (7) Elphin-stone Road, (8) Dadar, (9) Matunga Road, (10) Mahim Junction, (11) Bandra, (12) Khar Road, (13) Santacruz, (14) Vile Parle, (15) Andheri, (16) Jogeshwari, (17) Goregaon, (18) Malad, (19) Kandivli, (20) Borivli and (21) Dahisar. Between all these stations a large number of persons travel daily, and perhaps the most noticeable increase is between the terminus and suburban places outside the Bombay city area and also the places outside Greater Bombay. Due to shortage of accommoda­tion within the Bombay area many persons reside in the suburban area as also in the adjoining area of Thane district and daily attend their duties in Bombay. The suburban services of the Western Railway in Bombay area are run on the two independent sets (corridors) of double line. The main suburban section extend from Churchgate to Borivli. These quadruple lines are provided automatic signalling. The local trains are run by the electric multiple unit coaches. The trains running on this line at present are : (1) Gujarat Express, (2) Ferozepur Janata Express, (3) Saurashtra Express, (4) Jammu Tavi Express, (5) Pashchim Express, (6) Flying Ranee, (7) Rajdhani Express, (8) Saurashtra Janata Express, (9) Valsad Express, (10) Ahmedabad Janata Express, (11) Saurashtra Mail, (12) Frontier Mail, (13) Gujarat Mail, (14) Dehradun Express, (15) Vadodara Express, (16) Ahmedabad Express, (17) Vadodara Passenger, (18) Ahmedabad Passenger and (19) Viramgaon Passenger.

The local train service is provided from Churchgate to Virar. The daily number of local trains was 758 in 1984. The average service frequency of the Western Railway suburban trains was 3 1/2minutes during 1969 which increased to 2 minutes in 1977.

During 1969-70, the Western Railway ran the suburban train services with the fleet of 37.1/3 rakes of the electric motor unit stock and with an average punctuality of 88 per cent. Of this fleet, comprising 16 rakes of 8 coaches commissioned in 1928 and 21.1/3 rakes of 9 coaches commissioned after 1951, 31.1/3 rakes were given for traffic, four rakes for periodical overhaul, one rake for ten day inspection and one rake for heavy repairs.

Table No. 3 shows the statistics of passenger traffic from each of the stations on Western Railway situated within the limits of Greater Bombay during 1974-75.

TABLE No. 3
Passenger Traffic on Western Railway in Greater Bombay,
1974-75
                            

Station	No. of card tickets sold*	No. of season tickets sold*
(1) Churchgate	47,63,288	4,99,329
(2) Marine Lines	23,28,178	62,482
(3) CharniRoad	28,05,042	1,29,599
(4) Grant Road	57,17,317	2,11,704
(5) Bombay Central    .	67,82,376	1,31,650
(6) Mahalaxmi	16,89,495	62,869
(7) Lower Parel	25,02,899	1,65,605
(8) Elphinstone Road .	26,36,410	1,55,615
(9) Dadar	80,53,689	2,91,094
(10) Matunga Road	17,66,539	85,356
(11) Mahim Junction	34,78,336	1,78,728
(12) Bandra	50,27,366	3,12,928
(13) Khar Road	34,35,600	2,16,404
(14) Santacruz	55,96,533	3,49,684
(15) Vile Parle	40,37,493	1,89,175
(16) Andheri	92,11,752	7,29,433
(17) Jogeshwari	30,02,060	3,13,574
(18) Goregaon	45,27,329	3,91,531
(19) Malad	54,44,736	4,29,294
(20) Kandivli	25,26,415	1,05,420
(21) Borivli	51,50,206	6,02,044
(22) Dahisar	7,88,922	96,109

*Includes Tickets for Suburban and Through Line trains.

The following statement shows the statistics of goods traffic from the important stations on Western Railway within the limits of Greater Bombay during 1974-75:—
          
No. of wagons   Tonnage*    No. of wagons Tonnage*

Station	Goods traffic received		Goods traffic booked
	No. of wagons	Tonnage*	No. of wagons	Tonnage*
(1) Dadar	4,953	96,935	732	12,212
(2) Mahim Junction	1,598	23,478	871	7,406
(3) Bandra	10,887	39,791	3,606	33,739
(4) Andheri	6,536	1,26,864	690	11,195
(5) Jogeshwari	45,147	2,42,699	8,516	93,707
(6) Goregaon	2,078	11,805	540	5,908
(7) Kandivli	3,303	74,927	840	15,932
(8) Borivli	2,273	85,598	388	1,808
(9) Carnac Bunder	37,251	5,08,958	44,567	7,32,652
*In metric tonnes.

Workshops (For detailed history of Railway Workshops in Bombay, see Chapter 5 in this volume.):

Loco Sheds : There are two loco sheds situated in the Greater Bombay area on the Western Railway. They are at Parel and Bandra which cater to servicing facilities like coaling, turning, cleaning, greasing, oiling, etc. along with running repairs and scheduled repairs to the locomotives of Western Railway.

Parel Loco Shed : This loco shed homes about 40 engines, out of which 75 per cent engines are utilised for working mail, express and passenger trains on the lines of the Bombay and Baroda Divisions. The shed is equipped with a number of machines for undertaking jobs required for the maintenance of these engines. The staff engaged in this shed was about 675 during 1969-70. In addition to the mail, express and passenger train engines, this shed also homes some small engines which are utilised for shunting services.

Bandra Loco Shed : It homes about 50 steam and diesel engines, steam engines mainly utilised for shunting services in the Bombay area. During 1970, out of 13 diesel locomotives, 11 were shunting locomotives. This shed is also equipped with a fleet of machinery for maintenance of these engines. The diesel shunters are also periodically overhauled here. About 1,050 persons were engaged in this shed during 1970.

Carriage Shops : There are two carriage shops situated at Lower Parel and Mahalaxmi. The Lower Parel carriage workshop was built in 1900 by the ex-Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway, as a central work­shop for repairs to broad gauge locomotives, carriage and wagon stock. The workshop being situated in the heart of Bombay had limitations to further expansion. As such with the increase in holding of various types of stocks, the repair work of locomotives was shifted to the newly built workshop at Dohad during 1928. Similarly a new wagon repair shop was constructed at Kota during 1962. After the transfer of work­load of loco and wagon repairs to Dohad and Kota respectively, the Lower Parel and Mahalaxmi workshops are presently undertaking the work of periodical overhaul repairs to the broad gauge coaching stock only. The Lower Parel workshop possesses an area of 2,56,309 square metres, while the Mahalaxmi workshop possesses 1,70,484 square metres. These shops are under the incentive scheme based on the Chittaranjan pattern.

Electric Car Shed, Bombay Central: All the maintenance of the electric motor unit stock, except the mechanical periodical overhaul, which is attended to in the Parel workshop, is dealt with in the car shed at Bombay Central. The maintenance of electric motor coaches comprises casual inspection, washing and painting of electric motor unit coaches, brake block changing and stabling inspection, periodical inspection, overhaul of equipments, special repairs, and periodical overhaul.

The car shed is divided into two portions, viz., workshop and running shed. The workshop consists of machine shop, fitting shop, pantograph overhauling section, armature winding section, auxiliary machine section, control equipment overhaul section, north lifting shed for wheel changing, south lifting shed for equipping new coaches traction motor section, and fan and light section. There are two electrically operated overhead travelling cranes in the lifting sheds, of them one is of 25 tonnes and another of 5 tonnes. The running section consists of a covered shed with 8 inspection pit lines and two electrified stabling lines outside the covered area.

Inspection of Electric Motor Unit Coaches : During 1970 inspection was carried out on 11 rakes per day. There are five depots for stalling the rakes at Churchgate, Bandra, Andheri, Borivli and Virar. Number of equipments fitted on the electric motor unit coaches require periodical overhaul at intervals lesser than the general overhaul.

Periodical Overhaul of Electric Motor Unit Coaches: The periodical overhaul of electric motor unit coaches is carried out at intervals of 17 months. The electrical equipment is stiipped first in the car-shed and then the coaches are sent to Mahalaxmi, where the body work and mechanical equipment are attended to. After the coaches are received back from Mahalaxmi, the electrical equipment, which in the meanwhile has been duly overhauled, is re-equipped on the coaches and the coaches are sent on trial runs and then into service.

A mechanical coach washing machine was built up and commissioned in April 1958 in the car-shed to facilitate the external washing of electric motor unit coaches. Electric motor unit coaches are painted in the Lower Parel shop every 17 months, during the periodical overhaul.

Important Railway Buildings :

Administrative Office building, Churchgate : The Administrative Office Building at Churchgate Railway Station was built by the former Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway between 1894 and 1899. The annexe was built in 1927. The carpet area of these buildings is about 63,000 square feet. This building is considered to be a very good specimen of architectural work in Gothic style and depicts the glory of that time.

Churchgate Terminal Station : Due to tremendous expansion of industry and trade in this metropolis, traffic on the suburban section has increased a good deal and old station had to be remodelled. The first station, a small humble structure was built as early as in 1876 when the old Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway, the forerunner of the Western Railway of today, extended its line from Surat to Bombay. This station building was rebuilt in 1931. This rebuilt structure was to be pulled down in September 1956 to make way for the enlarged station of today to cater to the needs of suburban passenger traffic. Three platforms with double discharging facilities were built in 1956. The fourth platform with double discharging facilities was built in 1972 at the time of quadru­pling of railway lines between Churchgate and Grant Road. It is a seven-storeyed building and is 108 feet high. It was constructed in 1956 at the cost of Rs. 65 lakhs. It has a spacious concourse hall 116' X44', booking offices, refreshment rooms, wash basins, water closets with modern sanitary fittings. The station has been provided with route relay interlocking system, and this was the first of its type to be commissioned in India.

Bombay Central Station : This terminus station building was constructed in 1930. The old Bombay Central Station, which is now utilised for suburban train services, is situated just north of Bellasis bridge. The new station consists of an imposing 3-storeyed structure. The cost of the scheme including acquisition of land, siding accommodation and accessories amounted approximately to Rs. 156 lakhs. The main entrance leads to a lofty and spacious concourse on one side of which are the platforms and on the other side on the ground floor, there are waiting rooms including a buffet for light refreshment.

Jagjivan Ram Hospital, Bombay Central: It marks an important stage in the planned expansion of medical facilities on the Indian Railways. The hospital was planned to cater for 150 beds. The total area of the hospital compound is 3.63 acres and the plinth area occupied by the hospital building is 28,203 square feet. It has four floors and a basement in the rear wing.

Printing Press, Mahalaxmi: The Western Railway Printing Press build­ing at Mahalaxmi was constructed during 1968-69 at a cost of Rs. 44 lakhs. The building has 3 floors with a, basement pf 10,000 square feet.

PORT TRUST RAILWAY

Prior to 1914, the docks were not served by rail. As the traffic between the port and the hinterland developed, the two main railways laid out capacious goods yards in close proximity to and connected with the Prince's and Victoria Docks by three sidings crossing the Frere (now the P. De'Mello) Road. It was, however, found that the sidings could accommodate only a fraction of the import and export traffic. The bulk of the traffic was conveyed from ship to rail and vice versa in bullock carts. This expensive method continued until the completion and opening of the Port Trust Railway on 1st January 1915. In planning the railway layout the designers had the advantage of ample land which enabled them to adopt the best aUgnment and the most modern principles of railway transportation without disturbing the existing interests. In consequence the port today is well equipped as regards terminal railway facilities. The Port Trust Railway provides a link between the docks, the bunders and the various depots in the Port area and the two contiguous Main line railway system.

The excellent terminal railway facilities provided by the Bombay Port Trust have contributed materially to the development of the port. Though small in size, the Port Trust Railway carries a large volume of traffic. In 1969-70, the inward and outward traffic amounted together to 3.70 million tonnes. In addition to through traffic, the Port Trust Railway handles a sizable quantity of local, or station to station traffic. Such traffic amounted to 1.67 lakh tonnes in 1969-70. The Port Trust Railway handles about 60 per cent of the total rail-borne goods traffic of Bombay city.

The Port Trust Railway has a route kilometrage of 11.3 and a track kilometrage of 312. There are 10 stations serving the docks and depots viz., Wadala Oil Depot, Stores and Coal Depot, Manganese Depot, Grain Depot, Cotton Depot, Panton Bunder, Prince's and Victoria Docks, Alexandra Dock and Ballard Pier.

Wadala is at the extreme north end and is a junction station. It is mainly a marshalling yard for the despatch and receipt of goods trains. Trains are received in the Up Arrival Yard and sorted out for the various depots over the hump by gravity, the wagons being rolled down the hump and then are diverted along different lines by hand points. Outward loaded traffic from depots is received in the Down Arrival Yard and is sorted out over the Down Gravity Hump on the different lines where trains are formed for the Western and Central Railways and beyond.

The steam loco and the diesel loco sheds are situated at the south end of the Wadala Yard. There is also a small goods shed where traffic is handled.

Tables Nos. 4 and 5 show the goods traffic on the Bombay Port Trust Railway:—

TABLE No. 4
Commodities loaded on Bombay Port Trust Railway for Trunk Railway Stations during 1973-74 and 1974-75

Commodities	Metric Tons (Fig. in '00)
	1973-74	1974-75
1   Animal food	13	*
2   Asbestos fibres	50	94
3   Asbestos-raw	49
4   Blended food	51	37
5   Barytes	*	*
6   Bricks, tiles and stones	*	*
7   Bulgar wheat	*	*
8   Chemical fertilizers other than rock phosphate	4,188	5,410
9   Chemicals and insecticides	168	78
10   Clay, chunam, lime and sand	16	*
11   Coal	183	35
12   Colour	*	*
13   Corn soya mixture	18	*
14   Cotton-raw	29	*
15   Eaith	*	21
16   Empty gunny bags	19	*
17   Flour	27	14
18   Government and military stores	502	696
19   Grains and pulses	2,460	2,034
20   Grease	20	16
21   Iron and steel	1,101	1,686
22   Machinery	323	281
23   Manganese ore	*	30
24   Manure	*	28
25   Milk powder	25	10
26   News prints	221	107
27   Oil seeds	29	*
28   Oilcakes	65	36
29   Old newspapers, etc.	17	*
30   Pipes	*	13
31   P. O. L.—
(i) Light distillates	8,256	5,400
(ii) Middle distillates	937	834
(iii) Others	504	517
32. Railway materials	124	61
33 Rice	57	232
34 Rice bran	16	20
35 Road surface dressing	128	74
36 Rock phosphate	436	159
37 Rosin		*
38 Rubber goods	*	10
39 Salt	111	102
40 Soap	*	*
41 Sulphur	485	492
42 Tallow	29	*
43 Tractor	79	113
44 Tyres	*
45 Vegetable an dother oils	367	69
46 Wheat	1,766	3,063
47 Wood pulp	31	19
48 Wood and timber	72	107
49 Miscellaneous	108	135
Total	20,080	22,141

* Included in miscellaneous

TABLE No.5
PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES BOOKED FROM TRUNK RAILWAYS TO B.P.T RAILWAY DURING 1973-74 AND 1974-75

		Metric Tons (Figs in hundreds)
Serial No.	Commodities	1973-74	1974-75
1	A.C.Sheets and boards	38	170
2	Barytes	367	333
3	Bonemeals, crushed bomes, hides and skins	447	383
4	Bentonite powder	50	122
5	Bricks, tiles and stones	748	735
6	Cables and cable drum	*	61
7	Calcium carbonate	*	*
8	Cables clinkers and slag	856	1,207
9	Charcoal	690	950
10	Chemical fertilizers other than rock phosphate	85	28
11	Chemicals, insecticides.etc	*	34
12	Clay, chunam, lime and sand	122	77
13	Coal and coke	1,167	1,161
14	Dolomite lump an dpowder	35	*
15	Earth (Red Oxide etc.)	20	*
16	Empty tins, drums, casks,etc	26	30
17	Ferro manganese	238	213
18	Fibre glass	10
19	Grain and pluses (other than wheat and rice)	331	138
20	Government and military stores	140	198
21	Gunny Bags	57	14
22	Gypsum	45	32
23	Iron and steel (including tinplate)	1,469	2,094
24	Iron scrap	34	66
25	Machinery	186	17
26	Manganese ore	91	*
27	Mica waste and powder	40	39
28	Molasses
29	Oil-cakes	2,584	1,672
30	Oilseeds	174	264
31	Ochre lum, powder, etc	21	13
32	Newsprint	*	59
34	Paraffin wax	75	55
35	P.O.L --
	(i) Light distillates	863	1,086
	(ii) Middle distillates	88
	(iii) Others	391	326
36	Piece goods	13	27
37	Pig-iron	*	*
38	Railway material	28	*
39	Raw cotton	1,241	647
40	Rice	1,482	1,373
41	Rice barn	60	81
42	Rosin	30	14
43	Soda bicarbonate	13	14
44	Soda ash	32	*
45	Soap and soap stone powder	159	113
46	Starch powder	12	*
47	Sugar	1,234	1,476
48	Tallow	*
49	Vegetable and other oils	621	592
50	Wheat	2,162	53
51	Wood pulp		*
52	Wood and timber	152	309
53	Miscellaneous	76	67
	Total	18,793	16,340

* Included in miscellaneous

During 1974-75 the volume of through traffic from and to the Trunk Railways registered a marginal decrease as compared to that of the previous year. The figures in terms of wagons and the tonnage handled during two years are given below:—

	Wagons
	Inward	Outward	Tonnes
1973-74	93,476	1,02,201	38,87,300
1974-75	83,642	1,11,235	38,48,100

The local traffic during the year 1974-75 registered a decrease mainly due to fall in export of oil cakes and manganese ore from Bombay Port. The comparative figures for the two years are given below:—

	Wagons
	Inward	Outward	Tonnes
1973-74	12,498	12,498	4,37,400
1974-75	9,730	9,817	3,10,000

Top

TRANSPORT BY AIR

The period from 1877 to 1910 was a period of experiments in the history of civil aviation in India. On November 27, 1877 Mr. Joseph Lynn made a flight from Lai Baugh Garden in Bombay at 4-40 p.m.(Transport Development in India by Dr. S. K. Shrivastava. ) He ascended to an altitude of 7,500 feet and landed near a stone quarry at Dadar. On November 30 of the same year he made another balloon flight from the same place. Flying began in India in 1911 when Sir George Lloyd undertook the organization of air flying between Bombay and Karachi. The First World War established, beyond doubt, that India was lagging behind in civil aviation. When the air service between Bombay and Karachi was started, it was purely a Government venture and was established as a temporary and experimental measure during the fair weather season with the object of testing the extent to which the air mail service was likely to be used by the public. It was closed down as soon as sufficient data as to running expenses had been collected and its continuance as a purely commercial concern was not advocated.

The general attitude of the Government was that as no air services in the world had yet been run without a government subsidy and as India had no money available for the development of civil aviation, she must wait for some prosperous time. The pressure of external conditions in favour of Indian aviation enterprise gradually increased.

In 1927, the Civil Aviation Department was opened, aerodromes were established; and flying clubs were founded at certain places. The Imperial Airways Service started a regular weekly air service between Croydon and Delhi. In 1932, internal services were started by the Tata Airways Ltd., between Allahabad, Calcutta and Colombo. It was an effective Indian enterprise which organised an air service between Karachi and Madras once a week with calls at Ahmedabad, Bombay and Hyderabad. From the beginning of 1935 the Imperial Airways' London-Karachi service and with its Trans-India Service to Calcutta and the feeder services Karachi-Lahore and Karachi-Bombay-Madras, were operated twice a week. Among the three first air routes taken for development after 1935, the Karachi-Bombay-Madras-Colombo was the major air route.

The progress of air transport in India was very slow in the initial stages. Air transport has developed so much as to warrant a special treatment, and the importance of Bombay calls for a careful consideration as there are future possibilities ot further development.

Bombay Airport : Bombay is one of the principal international air­ports, which is connected by air service to almost all important cities in the world. Bombay's position in the international air traffic is very significant as it is located on the main air trunk routes to the European countries, Far East countries, South-East Asian countries, other Asian countries, Australia, African countries, Gulf countries, etc.

At present there are three aerodromes in Bombay viz., Juhu aerodrome, Santacruz Airport and Sahar International Airport.

On October 15, 1932, a tiny aircraft, Puss Moth, landed at the airport at Juhu with mail bags from Karachi. It was pilotted by J. R. D. Tata (On occasion of the Golden Jubilee of Air India on 15 October 1982, J.R.D. Tata pilotted an old tiny aircraft of Puss Moth type at the age of 75.) an eminent industrialist. This was the beginning of civil aviation from Bombay which is today the biggest and the most modern airport in India.

The Juhu airport, two and a half kilometres from the present domestic terminal, is still in existence. It is now used by a Flying Club and private operators. From all standards Juhu airport in the thirties of this century was a good airport, and continued to be used by the airlines till 1945. At Juhu Airport a small terminal building handled the passenger traffic. The modest control tower was good enough to guide the small aircrafts of those days. Night flight was rare as the airport was not equipped well for the same. When essential kerosene goose-necks were used for guiding aircrafts at night.

New Airport at Santacruz : During the World War II, the bigger fighters and aircrafts of the Air Force, bombers and other large transport planes, required longer and stronger runways. Their operation also warranted better ground equipment and electronic devices. Juhu airport located at the sea edge could not cope up with these requirements, neither there was any space for the essential expansion. It was therefore, decided to build a spacious airport at Santacruz with the necessary equipments The Santacruz Airport covered an area of about 1,500 acres (607 hectares). It had three runways initially. It was operationally a good airport for the requirement of those days. After the end of the Second War the airport was handed over to the Director General of Civil Aviation for Civil operations.

Two abandoned Royal Air Force old hangars, which are still in exis-tance and are being used by private operators, were converted into a terminal for passenger traffic. When commercial aviation shifted to the present Bombay airport, one hangar was used as a domestic terminal and the other for international traffic. It had counters for customs and immigration checks on either side and a lounge in the centre. Air India International was handling its passengers in its own terminal, adjoining the two hangars. It was a tiny red brick tiled building, tucked in a corner.

With the tremendous growth of air services and more modern airlines coming to Bombay, the need for a proper terminal building to provide comfortable lounges and passenger handling areas was felt. The modern aircrafts could not be operated with ease from the airport. Besides, there was a tremendous increase in the number of passengers, domestic and international. A new terminal was therefore planned and construction began in 1950 at Santacruz. The year 1958 was a landmark in the history of Bombay airport when the new terminal building was opened with all the fun-fare.

April 18, 1971 was by far one of the most important landmarks in the history of civil aviation in India. The Air India International's first Boeing 747 landed at Bombay airport, ushering in the era: of Jumbo travel. A series of modifications and extensions of the terminal building and improvement of operational areas were essential to meet the new requirements. The Tata committee set up in 1967 to examine the issues, recommended the construction of a new international terminal at Bombay to meet the requirements of traffic in the seventies. The present terminal was to be used for domestic traffic alone. The International Airport Authority of India which was set up in 1972, started planning the construction of a new terminal building for handling international passenger traffic. Accordingly construction of the new International airport at Sahar to the north-east of Santacruz was taken up. The estimated cost of this airport was Rs. 11 crores, and it was proposed to be completed by 1981. Government sanction was received in early 1976, construction of the Phase-I of the terminal complex began at Sahar immediately; The new terminal at Sahar was opened for traffic in 1980.

New Terminal Complex, Sahar : The new complex is located near Sahar Village in Bombay on the east of the old terminal building and north of the main east-west runway og/27.

The two runways, the main runway og/27, 3,489 metres long, and secondary runway 14/23, 2730 metres long continue to serve the airport. The apron of the new terminal building has been connected to the runway system through taxi links.

The terminal building designed on modular concept will be completed in three phases. Each module has a capacity of handling 2.5 million international passengers. When completed the terminal building will have 1,20,000 sq. metres of covered area; 750 sq. metres long with a width of 65 metres. It will have a total capacity of handling 7.5 million international passengers per annum. The apron will have capacity for parking 15 aircrafts in contact and 12 in remote position.

The first phase of the international passenger terminal complex, completed at a cost of Rs. 180 millions, has a passenger terminal cargo complex, apron and airfield pavement areas for taxi links. The passenger terminal has capacity for handling 2.5 million passengers annually or 2,100 passengeis during peak hours, in greater comfort and ease. The apron can park 15 aircrafts; six nose-in, seven remote and two freighters.

The Government of India has sanctioned the second phase, costing Rs. 220 millions. It involves construction of one module with a capacity of 2.5 million passengers and apron for 4 in-contact and three remote parking stands. The project was completed in 1984.

The approach to this new terminal is from the north from Kurla-Andheri road. Passengers going to Thane and Ghatkopar areas can take advantage of the short route via Powai. Those passengers going to the southern and northern part of the city, can avail of the Western Express Highway via Kurla-Andheri road. The new link is being constructed to connect the terminal with the Sahar Cargo terminal road.

The highlights of the New Bombay Terminal (Phase I) at Sahar are given below:—
(1)  Terminal—Length—249 metres
        Width—65 metres
(2) Covered area, four floors—41,800 sq, metres.
(3) Passengers handling capacity—Annually 2.5 million persons.
     Peak hour—2,100 persons.
(4)  Custom counters-—Arrival—52
          Departure—10
(5)  Immigration counters—Arrival—20
       Departure—14
(6) Health counters—6
(7) Airlines counters—40
(8) CC-TV monitors—100
(9) Public announcement speakers—900
(10) Fire/smoke detectors—1,000
(11) Light fittings—6,000
(12) Cable/wiring—260 kms.
(13) Baggage conveyors' length—620 metres.

A cargo terminal is an integral part of the new complex with a separate aircraft parking apron. It handles both export and import cargo. It is a multiple occupancy terminal in which all cargo coming in and going out of the Bombay airport is processed in the complex. Various Govern­ment agencies connected with the clearance of the cargo are housed in the terminal building. The terminal has two separate parking bays for Boeing 747 type freighter aircraft.

The major problems of modern air transport system are experienced on the ground rather than in the air. In order to solve them, a difficult task for any airport, an entirely new approach has been made to avoid bottlenecks and ensure smooth processing of passengers and their baggage in the new terminal building at Bombay airport which will have a total capacity of about 7,000 persons at any time. The flight information system, pictographs, baggage handling system and escalators, aerobridges have all been designed to meet the requirements of passengers as per the latest standards.

The monthwise traffic statistics for the year 1980-81 from the Santacruz (domestic) and Sahar (international) airport are given in Table No. 6, while Table No. 7 gives the percentage of principal items of Imports and Exports from both the airports.

The Santacruz airport is known as Terminal I, while the Sahar International airport is known as Terminal II.

TABLE No.6
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA, BOMBAY AIRPORT TRAFFIC STATISTICS - 1980-81
                           

	April 80	May 80	June 80	July 80	August 80	September 80	October 80	November 80	December 80	January 81	February 81	March 81	Grand Total
I. AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT
(i)International -
(a) Scheduled	2,501	2,522	1,655	1,805	1,748	1,698	1,708	1,683	1,820	1,746	1,593	1,723	22,202
(b)Non-scheduled	96	74	42	75	67	83	100	99	167	64	120	67	1,054
Total	2,597	2,596	1,697	1,880	1,815	1,781	1,808	1,782	1,987	1,810	1,713	1,790	23,256
(ii) Domestic -
(a) Scheduled	1,690	1,264	1,710	1,894	1,856	1,848	1,870	1,756	1,908	1,856	1,674	952	20,278
(b)Non-scheduled	30	22	14	177	172	202	214	205	286	52	33	141	1,548
Total	1,720	1,286	1,724	2,071	2,028	2,050	2,084	1,961	2,194	1,908	1,707	1,093	21,826
Grand Total	4,317	3,882	3,421	3,951	3,843	3,831	3,892	3,743	4,181	3,718	3,420	2,883	45,082
Other flights
II. PASSENGERS-
(i) International -
(a) Embarked	93,835	98,072	82,726	89,856	1,02,851	1,05,979	87,468	86,702	86,729	1,13,947	99,783	1,07,193	11,55,041
(b)Disembarked	66,605	72,429	91,140	87,481	85,301	66,863	83,329	86,938	1,07,942	88,539	71,041	79,902	9,87,510
(c)Transit	56,203	47,818	7,007	52,064	39,369	34,339	29,470	31,300	16,969	44,657	41,241	44,311	4,44,748
Total	2,16,643	2,18,319	1,80,873	2,29,401	2,27,521	2,07,181	2,00267	2,04,940	2,11,640	2,47,143	2,12,065	2,31,406	25,87,399
(ii)Domestic -
(a) Embarked	1,03,721	1,07,156	92,785	92,156	90,448	85,272	1,33,283	1,08,638	1,24,353	1,16,734	1,04,435	1,03,736	12,62,717
(b)Disembarked	80,237	88,286	82,484	83,866	85,124	89,522	90,331	97,810	1,05,481	1,47,636	1,00,622	1,01,529	11,52,928
Total	1,83,958	1,95,442	1,75,269	1,76,022	1,75,572	1,74,794	2,23,614	2,06,448	2,29,834	2,64,370	2,05,057	2,05,265	24,15,625
Grand Total	4,00,601	4,13,761	3,56,142	4,05,423	4,03,093	3,81,975	4,23,881	4,11,388	4,41,474	5,11,513	4,17,122	4,36,671	50,03,044
III.CARGO HANDLED - (in tonnes)
(i)International
(a)Loaded	3,936.719	4,424.786	3,458.981	3,594.433	3,270.508	2,924.116	1,299.204	1,223.920	3,697.290	3,753.401	1,325.149	343.735	33,252.386
(b)Unloaded	1,419.570	1,318.986	475.101	1,362.729	1,912.095	1,474.190	1,668.204	1,019.983	1,732.529	1,385.964	1,060.982	1,673.162	16,503.495
Total	5,356.289	5,843.772	3,934.082	4,957.162	5,182.603	4,398.306	2,967.408	2,243.903	5,429.819	5,139.365	2,386.131	2,016.897	49,755.881
(ii)Domestic (kgs)-
(a)Loaded	935.492	871.057	821.603	904.780	328.971	892.097	1,026.291	109.719	1,105.775	1,012.333	928.337	512.982	9,449.437
(b)Unloaded	751.785	710.836	246.501	911.891	947.760	909.823	884.861	726.564	1,101.715	97.816	1,001.609	487.355	8,778.516
otal	1,687.277	1,581.893	1,068.104	1,816.671	1,276.731	1,801.920	1,911.152	836.283	2,207.490	1,110.149	1,929.946	1,000.337	18,227.953
Grand Total	7,043.566	7,425.665	5,002.186	6,773.832	6,459.334	6,200.226	4,878.560	3,080.186	7,637.309	6,249.514	4,316.077	3,017.234	67,983.834
IV.MAIL (in tonnes) -
(i)International -
(a)Loaded	176.725	184.053	188.026	213.077	192.077	192.708	163.631	156.400	216.551	273.296	300.631	198.405	2,455.580
(b)Unloaded	131.958	130.133	143.280	102.070	299.698	141.509	119.830	43.824	162.187	466.393	305.094	316.369	2,272.345
Total	308.683	314.186	331.306	315.147	401.775	334.217	283.461	200.224	378.738	739.789	605.725	514.774	4,727.925
(ii)Domestic -
(a)Loaded	336.697	335.825	334.405	352.604	844.582	1,202.008	313.533	298.871	357.272	326.792	301.029	226.393	5,230.011
(b)Unloaded	222.474	211.443	660.395	276.284	262.737	257.757	263.855	235.413	286.001	277.345	289.320	141.610	3,384.634
Total	559.171	547.268	994.800	628.888	1,107.319	1,459.765	577.388	534.284	643.273	604.135	590.349	368.003	8,614.645
Grand Total	867.854	861.454	1,326.106	944.035	1,509.094	1,793.982	846.849	734.508	1,022.011	1,343.926	1,196.074	882.777	13,342.570

TABLE No. 7
Percentage of Principal Items of Imports and Exports from Bombay Airport (1979-80)

Principal Items of Exports -	Percentage of Total
(a) Perishables	44.69%
(b) Garments	36.10%
(c) Leather	5.37%
(d) Machinery	2.63%
(e) MIscellaneous	11.21%
Major Items of Imports -
(a) Machinery	39.88%
(b) Medicines	14.68%
(c) Electricals	8.48%
(d) MIscellaneous	36.96%

A number of International airlines are operating through Bombay, the list of which is given below:

(1) Alitalia, (2) B.O.A.C, (3) Trans World Airlines, (4) Sabana Belgian Airlines, (5) Air India, (6) Air France, (7) Garuda Indonesian Airlines, (8) East African Airlines, (9) United Arab Airlines, (10) Iran National Airlines, (11) Kuwait Airways, (12) Swiss Air, (13) Czechoslovak Airlines, (14) B.A.S.C.O., (15) Air Ceylon, (16) Middle East Airlines, (17) Transmeridian Airlines, (18) Saudi Arab Airlines, (19) Pan America and (20) K. L. M. Besides, the Indian Airlines operates domestic airline services.

The total passengers traffic (both international and domestic) carried from Bombay was as follows:— Passenger traffic from Bombay:—

Passenger traffic from Bombay:-
Year	Passenger traffic
1960	1,98,025
1965	3,71,316
1969	6,74,884
1973-74	22,62,377
Goods traffic handled from Bombay :-
Year	Goods traffic (in kg)
1960	36,77,261
1965	54,07,011
1969	96,19,600
1973-74	3,87,49,000
Mails handled from Bombay:-
Year	Mails carried (inkgs)
1960	14,52,952
1965	25,898,278
1969	34,64,700
1973-74	65,64,000

The following statement shows the statistics of aircraft movements, passengers, cargo handled and mail at Bombay Airport during 1973-74:—

(1) Aircraft Movement:—
(a) International—
(i) Scheduled	15,507
(ii) Non-Scheduled	1,181
(b) Domestic-
(i) Scheduled	16,613
(ii) Non-Scheduled	4,027
(2) Passengers:-
(a) International—
(i)Disembarked	3,43,496
(ii) Embarked	3,45,622
(iii) Transit	4,01,939
(b) Domestic -
(i) Disembarked	5,57,536
(ii)Embarked	6,13,784
(3) Cargo Handled (in tons):-
(a) International -
(i) Disembarked	29,221
(ii) Embarked	9,528
(4) Mails handled (in tons)
(a) International -
(i) Disembarked	1,566
(ii)Embarked	853
(b) Domestic -
(i) Disembarked	1,787
(ii)Embarked	2,358

Top

ROADS

History:—During the time of the Shilaharas there were no roads except some footsteps in a cluster of islands of Bombay. S. M. Edwardes in his " Rise of Bombay " gives an interesting account of the old routes in the city which is summarised below.

Before the Portuguese landed at Bombay (at Mahim en-route to Diu in January 1509), it was a cluster of seven islands, viz., Mahim, Parel, Worli, Mazagaon, Bombay (W&lkeshwar and Girgaum), old Woman's Island (Lower Colaba) and Colaba. In 1532, the Portuguese seized the city of Bassein (Vasai), and in 1534 Bassein and Bombay Island were ceded to the king of Portugal. In 1661 the Island and the port of Bombay weer generously ceded to the British Crown as a dowry to Prince Charles II of Great Britain from the Princess Infanta Catherine of Portu­gal, and during 1668 it came under the rule of the East India Company.

As early as 1668, an exodus of weavers from Chaul had necessitated the opening of a street, stretching from the Custom House (North-West of the Mint) to the fort.

According to Mr. Grose, in 1750, there were groves with shaded roads and pathways, thickets with houses, but wanting in air, and as the dis­placement of the people progressed, new roads and burial grounds were opened. During the 17th century land was taken for a public road from Parel to Sion.

The English first connected the cluster of islands to each other. The idea of reclaiming submerged ground dates from a very early period, for in the middle of the sixteenth century a Portuguese financier advised the King of Portugal to substitute for the grant of villages to deserving individuals the allotment of submerged lands in perpetuity, to those who drained and reclaimed them, while after the transfer of the island from the British Crown to the East India Company, the Court of Direc­tors ordered their representatives at Bombay to encourage to stop breaches where the sea overflowed the island. Nevertheless, with the exception of small patches of reclamation here and there, no serious attempt to check the inroads of the sea was made for about a century after Bombay became a British possession.
The first work of magnitude designed to meet this object was the con­struction of the vellard between Mahalaxmi and Worli, present Haji Ali Causeway, during the governorship of Mr. William Hornby. Upto the seventies of the eighteenth century some attempt was made to resist the encroachment of the sea. The dam in between the area of Mahalaxmi and Worli was scarcely stout enough to wholly check the wanton inrush of the sea waves. So during the governorship of William Hornby, the great vellard was built, which rendered available for cultivation and settlement the vide stretch of the land, and resulted in the welding of the eastern and western shores of the island with one united area. Mr. Grose who visited the island in 1772 points out that prior to the building of the vellard " the sea had so gained upon the land with its irruption that it almost divided the island in two and made the roads impassable." After the construction of the vellard the development of the island of Bombay and the system of roads began in the true sense.

During the subsequent period a vellard between Cooperage and Colaba was constructed. The Railway Committee proposed to reclaim land between Wadi Bunder and Chinch Bunder. The Government reclaimed the area of Apollo Bunder, Mody Bay, Elphin stone, Mazgaon, Tank Bunder and Frere reclamation. The adjoining area of the B.B. & C.I. and the G.I.P. railways were reclaimed by the lailway authorities. The areas within which reclamation was carried out by the Bombay Port Trust since 1873 were the Sewri Bunder, Frere Estate, Tank Bunder, Mazgaon  Estate,  Elphiristone Estate,   Mody  Bay    Estate,  Customs Bunder, Wellington Bunder, Apollo Bunder, Apollo Reclamation, Colaba Bunders, etc.

An interesting account of roads during the 19th century and the beginning of this century is reproduced below from the Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island, Vol. I, pp. 361-64, published in 1909:

" The roads and streets of Bombay at the commencement of the 19th century were for the most part extremely narrow and were constantly being encroached upon by house-owners. This led in 1806 to the issue of a Government order in which the Governor-in-Council directed that Parel road and Breach Candy road (Girgaum road) should be gradually widened to sixty feet, Sheikh Memon and Dongri streets to forty feet and all other public streets to 30 feet. All roads branching off the Parel and Breach Candy roads were to be forty feet wide and all cross streets were to be not less than twenty feet wide.(Bombay Courier, 24th October, 1807.) This order was followed six years later by Rule, Ordinance and Regulation III of 1812, which pointed out that the roads throughout the island and the streets, lanes and passages within the Fort were " extremely narrow and incommodious for carriages and passengers, " and ordered (Article I) that " the main street through the bazaar should be enlarged to the breadth of 40 feet from house to house; Mody's street should be enlarged to the breadth of 35 feet; Bora's street shall be enlarged to the breadth of 25 feet; and all cross streets within the Fort should be of the breadth of 16 feet."(Bombay Regulations, 1799-1816, pp. 344-352.) Article II laid down that all the streets comprised in the area of the great fire of 1803 should be 60 feet wide; while Article III enacted that " the great roads through the island, commonly called the Parel road and Breach Candy road res­pectively, shall be enlarged to the breadth of 60 feet each, and that the roads or streets commonly called Sheikh Memon and Dungaree shall be in like manner enlarged to the breadth of 40 feet each, and that all other principal streets without the walls of the Fort and within the island of Bombay be made of the breadth of 30 feet; that all roads branching from either of the greater roads aforesaid be made of the breadth of 40 feet, and all lanes, cross streets and passages, now hereafter to be made without the said walls, be of the breadth of 20 feet clear from house to house, and not less."(In 1808 a special officer styled Surveyor of Roads was appointed. Before this, the office was combined with that of the Superintendent of Police, and Government paid part of the expenses of the repairs of roads. In 1809 Government advanced the Board Rs. 12,000 for repairs of road.)

" These orders were apparently productive of good; for Major-General Sir John Malcolm writing of Bombay between 1827 and 1830 remarked that admirable roads had been formed throughout the island of Bombay,the streets of the native town had been widened and a communication by a causeway with Salsette much increased in width. He further referred to " an excellent road made to Malabar Point, the temporary bungalows at which have been made permanent, so as to afford excellent accommodation for the Governor."(The Government of India by Malcolm, 1833. The construction of a road to Malabar Point enabled the Governor to make over his old residence in the Fort, which had not been regularly used for many years, to the Secretaries to Government.) Another new road constructed about this date was one to Sewri, which was much frequented as a country drive (Bombay Courier, 12th March 1825.). The main thoroughfares were also kept in good condition and were described in 1832 as" beautifully macadamized " (Hall's Voyages, p. 7.) and in 1838 as " wateied, tolerably lighted, clean, and void of all offence." (Postans' Western India, p. 75,I.) On the 1st October 1839, " Grant road" from the obelisk to the garden-house of Jagannath Shankar Sett at Girgaum " was thrown open to the public, and was described as requiring a parapet-wall on either side owing to its great elevation above the adjoining lands.(Bombay Times, October 19th, 1839.) As the population increased and the town expanded the public view regarding the suitability of the island's communications underwent alteration. The streets in the native town were described in 1845 as " very narrow " (Von Orlich's Travels, I.) and the road along the line of the present Rampart and Hornby roads, which was regarded in 1850 as a fashionable thoroughfare, would rank in these days as " little better than a narrow lane."(Times of India, 26th October 1901.) The decade 1860 to 1870 marks the point at which the broad modern thoroughfares of the island were planned and commenced. An " eastern boulevard " from Elphinstone Circle to Bazaar Gate and a Foras road from the Victoria Gardens to Mahalakshmi were completed in 1868; Apollo street was widened and a hundred-foot road from Bazaar Gate to the native town was commenced in the same year; a new road from Babula Tank to the Elphinstone overbridge, the Bellasis road, Gilder street and several other well known thoroughfares were completed about the same date. In all some 35 big roads were either newly constructed or converted from old narrow tracks during the period 1860-70, and many of these were 80 feet in width and were provided with broad footpaths bordered with trees.(A complete list of these roads is given in " Maclean's Guide to Bombay " (revised to 1900), pp. 206, 207.) Ripon road, Fergusson road and a widened Girgaum road were under construction in 1884-85.

" In 1887, the total mileage of the roads in-charge of the Municipality was 136 1/2 miles, which rose to 147 3/4 miles in  1897 and is now (1907) 156 3/4  miles. Since the establishment in 1898 of the City Improvement Trust, one of the duties of which is to open new roads through thickly populated areas, Municipal activities have fallen somewhat into abeyance as regards schemes for new thoroughfares. A few minor road schemes, such as those in Colaba village, Chandanwadi, Cavel, Hamalwadi, Piru lane, etc., have been put into execution, and a certain amount of road-widening and road-improvement has been completed out of funds provided by the Corporation. Two of the most useful roads recently constructed are Princess street and Sandhurst road which afford direct communication from east to west. Hughes road has proved a boon to the residents of Malabar and Cumballa hills. "

Table No. 8 gives particulars of the chief bridges as they existed at the beginning of this century. (The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island, published in 1909, Vol. I, pp. 506-09.)

Most of the big roads were either constructed newly or converted from old narrow tracks during the first few years of the 20th century. A remarkable development in roads took place after Independence. During 1887 the total mileage of the roads of Bombay island within the jurisdiction of the municipality was 136 1/2 miles, which rose to 156 3/4 miles during 1907 and 301 1/4 miles during 1947. In 1898, the City Improvement Trust was established, one of the duties of which was to open new roads through densely populated areas. The total mileage of roads of Bombay City, Suburbs and the Extended Suburbs measured to 1419.90km. in 1982, the details of which are shown below:—

City / Suburbs	Length (in km.)
	Cement concrete	Black topped	Others	Total
(1) Bombay City	78.66	411.63		490.29
(2) Bombay Suburbs and Extended Suburbs	114.09	783.02	32.50	929.61
Total	192.75	1,194.65	32.50	1,419.90

The following is the account of a few important road routes in Greater Bombay:(The years of construction of some important roads are given in Chapter 2.)

Nariman Point to Walkeshwar (Malabar Point) : This route is divided into two sections, viz. (1) Nariman Point to Girgaum Chaupati, and (2) Chaupati to Walkeshwar. The first section known as the Marine Drive was renamed as  the Netaji  Subhash marg,   while the

TABLE No.8
IMPORTANT BRIDGES WITHIN THE CITY OF BOMBAY (AT THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY)

Serial No

Name of brigde

Named after

Nature of construction

Purpose for which constructed

Length

Width of road way

No of Spans

Width of Spans

Gradient

Foothpath

Tramway

Ward

Inscription

East

West

1

Fere Bridge

Sir Bartle Frere

Iron and Masonry

Carries Grant road over B.B and C.I Railway (now know as Western Railway)

East 584'-10"

West 476'-3"

45

9

12'-6"x13'-9" 12'-9"x17'-8" 28'-8"x17'-8" 13,-9"x13'-9", X 12'-6"

I in 32

I in 28

Nil

NoTram line

D

Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway, His Excellency the Hon'ble Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere K. C.B., Governor of Bombay. ERECTED A. D. 1866 (The same inscription in Marathi and Gujarathi).

2

Kennedy Bridge

Sir M.Kennedy

Do.

Carries Girgum Back Road over B.B and C.I. railway

North 439'-5"

South 405'-1"

29'-6"

3

10'x28'-l"x 9'-8"

South I in 37

N.W I in 29

Nil

Do.

D

Bombay,   Baroda and Central India Railway ERECTED A.  D.   1866 (The same    inscription in    Marathi    and Gujarathi.)

3

Bellasis Bridge

Maj-Genl. Bellasis

Do.

Carried Bellasis Road over B.B and C.I Railway

East 654'-3"

West614'-9"

33'-0

1

28"

I in 34

I in 33

Nil

Do.

D & E

D The Bellasis Road & was made A.D. E 1795 by the Poor, driven from the city of Surat in that year, of famine, out of funds raised by public subscrip­tion and takes its name from Major General Bellasis under whose orders it was constructed.

4

Wodehouse Bridge

Sir Philip Wodehouse

Do.

Carried Wodehouse Road over B.B and C.I. Railway

East 695'

South 767'

50'-0"

3

20'x38'.6"x20"

N.E I in 38

S.W I in 41

7-0" on either side of road

Do.

A

Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway, Wode-house Bridge. ERECTED 1875. His Excellency the Right Hon'ble Sir Philip Wode-house G.C. S.I., K.C.B., Gover­nor of Bombay (with correspon­ding translation in  Marathi).

5

Carnac Bridge

Sir J.R.Carnac

Iron and MAsonry

Carries Carnac Road over G.I.P Railway

east 542'

West 352"

60'-0"

1

32'

I in 31

I in 50

7'-0" on both sides

Double Tram line

A

Carnac Bridge 1868. For Public Traffic.

6

Elphinstone Bridge

Mr.Mountstunasrt Elphinstone

Do.

Carries Chinch BUnder Road over G.I.P Railway

East 612'

West 63'-6"

50'-0"

3

52'.5"x 16'-6" x12'.3"

I in 30

10'on both sides

No Tram line

B

1868

7

Byculla Bridge

From being situated near the Byculla Rly Station

Do.

Carries Parel Road over G.I.P Railway

North 693'

South 600'

60'-0"

1

59"

I in 40

I in 40

7' on boith sides

Double Tram line

E

G.I.P.     Railway,Byculla      Bridge,1885. Contractors Messrs Narsoo Syboo and Co.

8

Ollivant Bridge

Sir Charles Ollivant

Do.

Carries Nesbit Lane over G.I.P Railway

East 620'

West 565'

40'-0"

1

51'

I in 35

I in 35

Nil

No Tram line

E

Ollivant     Bridge1887.    Cost    Rs.2,15,000. Constructed by G.I.P. Railway at the cost of the Municipality.

9

French Bridge (A new bridge was subsequently built near the French Brdge in connection with the Sandhurst road. )

Do.

Carried French Road over B.B and C.I.Railway

East 322'-8"

West 390'

30'-2"

3

9' x 28'-l" x 9'

I in 28

I in 27

NIl

Do.

D

Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway. ERECTED    A.D 1886.   (The  same inscription    in Marathi      and Gujarathi.)

10

Masjid Bridge

From being near a Masjid

Masonry

Carries Dongri Street over G.I.P Railway

East 457'

West 192'

60'-0"

3

52-5"x25'x8'

I in 30

I in 30

12' on both sides

Do

B

11

Hancock Bridge

Col.Hancock

Iron and Masonry

Carries Mazgaon Road over G.I.P Railway

North 241'

South 298'

50'-0"

2

52'x 52'

N.Side I in 29

S.Side I in 28

Nil

Double Tram line

B

12

Falkland Bridge

Lord Falkland

Do.

Carries Flakland Road over B.B and C.I Railway

East 582'

West 753'

35'-0"

1

56'-6"

I in 26

I in33

5' on both sides

No Tram

D & E

13

Gibbs Road Bridge

The Hon. Mr. Gibbs

Masonry

Carries Gibbs Road Over two passages one for conveyance of the Parsi dead and the other for wat

182'

30'-3"

4'-9" on one side

Do.

D

second was famous as Chaupati road, now renamed as Dr. Purandare marg. The section from Chaupati to Walkeshwar bears the name of Walkeshwar road. This route is famous for its scenic view, the beautiful sky-scrapers to the east and the unfathomable Arabian sea to the west. At the midst of this road i.e. at the Fly-over bridge off the Princess street near Marine Lines Railway station it appears like a bow ( It is known as the Queen's Necklace.), and exhibits the magnificence of its design. This road is also one of the famous places of interest in Bombay. The alluring view of sun-set to the west of this road and the beautiful view of lighted running cars at night on this road is a pleasure to the wayfarers.

It starts from the Backbay reclamation area of Naiiman Point at the junction of Madame Cama road where many sky-scrapers such as the Air India building, the Hotel Oberoi building, the Nirmal building, the Express Tower building, the Mafatlal Group building and others have come up. The total length of this route is about 4.5 km. with a width surface of 140 feet from Nariman Point to Chaupati and of 120 feet from Chaupati to Walkeshwar.

The objects located on the east of this road are : Hotel Bombay International, Brabourne Stadium, Iran Airlines, Hotel Natraj, University Ground, Wankhede Stadium, Princess Street Fly-over Bridge, Parsi Gymkhana, Islam Gymkhana, Hindu Gymkhana, Wilson College Gymkhana, Grant Medical College Gymkhana, Taraporewalla Aquarium, Smt. Kamaladevi Gauridatta Mittal Ayurvedic Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Building, Savitribai Phule Govt. Ladies Hostel, Government Printing Press and Book Depot, Women's Garden and Wilson College; while on the west side of this road are : the Swimming Tank, the Birla Krida Kendra and the Girgaum Chaupati.
The following important roads take off from it : (1) Madame Cama road, (2) Dinshaw Vachha road, (3) Veer Nariman road, (4) Princess Street Fly-over, (5) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (6) Pandita Ramabai road, (7) Babulnath road and (8) Walkeshwar road.

Further, this road is extended upto Walkeshwar Point, the extended portions being known as the Walkeshwar road and the Upper Walkeshwar road. At the ending point Raj Bhavan or the Governor's bungalow is located. Many sky-scrapers, the Malabar Hills, the Hanging Garden, the Kamala Nehru Park, etc., are located in its vicinity. The important road emanating from Walkeshwar road is the B.G. Kher marg.

Cooperage (Lower Colaba) to Afahim Causeway : This route can be divided into eight sections viz., (1) Maharshi Karve marg from Co­operage to Charni Road railway station, (2) Mama Paimanand marg from Charni Road railway station to Opera House (Paluskar Chauk), (3) Paluskar Chauk to Nyayamurti Sitaram Patkar marg junction point (i.e., the portion of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel   road), (4) Nyayamurti Sitaram Batkar marg upto Kemp's Fly-over bridge, (5) Gopalrao Desh-mukh marg upto V. Desai Chauk (Haji Ali Chauk), (6) LaJa Lajpatrai marg upto Nahru Planetarium, (7) Dr. Annie Besantroad upto Century Bazar junction, and (8) Veer Savarkar road upto Mahim Causeway. This route starts from Cooperage i.e., from the Lower CoJaba and traverses Fort (south), Esplanade, Dhobi Talao, Fanaswadi, Girgaum (west), Malabar Hill (east), Cumballa Hill, Mahalaxmi, Lovegrove, Worli, Prabhadevi and Mahim. The total length of this route is about 15 km. Many long route buses emanating from the western suburbs of Greater Bombay and terminating at South Bombay ply on this route. The route is famous for its speedy motor-car traffic. It has not only relieved the heavy burden on many important roads in the south-eastern part of city but also facilitated very speedy car-traffic between south Bombay and the middle Bombay as well as the north-western suburbs of Greater Bombay. Many office-premises and the old glorious buildings are located in the vicinity of the southern sections of this route, while many skyscrapers are erected in the vicinity of its middle sections, i.e., the Gopalrao Deshmukh marg where many wealthy persons, top officers, and the elite reside.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Madame Cama road, (2) Dinshaw Vachha road, (3) Veer Nariman road, (4) Princess street (Samaldas Gandhi marg), (5) Anandilal Podar road, (6) Dr. Babasaheb Jaykar road, (7) Raja Ram Mohan Roy marg, (8) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (9) Jagannath Shankarshet road, (10) Babulnath road, (11) August Kranti marg, (12) Bhulabhai Desai road, (13) Madan Mohan Malaviya marg, (14) Keshavrao Khade marg, (15) Maulana Abdul Gafar Khan road, (16) Dr. E. Moses road, (17) Worli road No. 13, (18) Worli road No. 10, (19) Pandurang Budhkar marg, (20) Keluskar road, (21) Shivaji Park roads, (22) Lady Hardinge road, (23) Sitaladevi Temple road, and (24) Lady Jamshetji road.

The following important objects are located along either side of this route : (1) Cooperage, (2) Mantralaya, (3) Oval Maidan, (4) K. C. College, (5) Eros Theatre, (6) Western Railway Headquarters, (7) Church-gate railway station, (8) India Government Tourist office, (9) Central Excise department, (10) Smt. Nathibai Damodar Thackersey University and College, (11) Income Tax department, (12) Accountant General office, (13) Bombay Hospital, (14) Princess Street Fly-over bridge, (15) Marine Lines railway station, (16) Mullanathbhai Cemetery, (17) S. K. Patil Garden, (18) Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Institution, (19) Saify Hospital, (20) Charni Road railway station, (21) Roxy Cinema, (22) Akruti (25 fl.) building, (23) Opera House, (24) Babulnath Temple, (25) Kamala Nehru Park (east side), (26) Kemp's Fly-over bridge, (27) Woodlands building (24 fl.), (28) Sterling Apartments (20 fl. building), (29) Jaslok Hospital, (30) Mahalaxmi Temple, (31) Heera Panna (24 fl.)building, (32) Haji Ali Dargah, (33) Children's Orthopaedic Hospital, (34) Lala Lajpatrai College, (35) Race Course, (36) National Sports Club, (37) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, (38) Nehru Planetarium, (39) Tata Show Room, (40) Sandoz buildings, (41) Happy Home and School for the blind, (42) Podar Ayurvedic Hospital and College, (43) Bombay Television Centre and TV Tower, (44) Glaxo Laboratories, (45) Dunlop House, (46) Century Bazar, (47) Siddhivinayak Temple, (48) Ravindra Natya Mandir, (49) Catering College, (50) Kirti College, (51) Shivaji Park, (52) Dadar Chaupati, (53) Bombay Mayor's bungalow, (54) Bombay Scouts' Gymkhana, (55) Vanita Samaj Hall and (56) Mahim Fort.

Colaba to Maheshwari Udyan : This route is the most heavy traffic route in Bombay which runs along the eastern harbour i.e., the Bombay Port. The loaded heavy trucks and vehicles carrying goods to and from the Bombay Port ply over this route. It can be divided into six sections vfz., (1) Colaba road (6,400 ft.) from Afghan Church to Sassoon Dock, (2) Shahid Bhagatsingh marg (10,800 ft.) from Sassoon Dock to G.P.O., (3) P. De'Mellow road (9,600 ft.) from G.P.O. to Wadi Bunder, (4) Reay Road (8,500 ft.) from Wadi Bunder to Jakaria Bunder road junction, (5) Jakaria Bunder road (6,880 ft.) from Reay Road junction to Golanji Hill road junction (Sewri Church), and (6) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai marg (11,600 ft.) from Sewri to Maheshwari Udyan (King's Circle). The total length of this route is about 16.20 km. The last section i.e., the Rafi Ahmad Kidwai marg has an Express highway standard surface.

It traverses through Colaba, Fort, Esplanade, Mandvi, Dongri, Mazgaon, Sewri, Naigaum and Matunga.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it: (1) Dumyne road, (2) Shivaji Maharaj marg, (3) Mahatma Gandhi road, (4) Veer Nariman road, (5) Shoorji Vallabhadas marg, (6) Sir Pherozeshah Mehta road, (7) Mint road, (8) Walchand Hirachand marg, (9) Lokmanya Tilak road, (10) Masjid siding road, (11) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (12) Zinabai Rathod marg, (13) Dockyard road, (14) Sant Savta marg, (15) Messent road (Cotton Avenue), (16) Jerabai Wadia road, (17) Dattaram Lad marg, (18) Road No. 26, (19) Road No. 18, and (20) Road No. 16 etc.

The following important objects are located along either side of the route : (1) R. C. Church, (2) Afghan Church, (3) Sassoon Dock, (4) Defence Services Cinema, (5) Regal Theatre, (6) Museum, (7) Hotel Celeste, (8) Astoria Hotel, (9) Colaba Village, 0) Colaba BEST bus depot, (11) Old Council hall, (12) Electric House, (13) Lion Gate, (14) Jehangir Art Gallery, (15) Old Custom House, (16) Horniman Circle, (17) Town hall and Red Cross Society, (18) Reserve Bank of India, (19) Fort market, (20) General Post Office, (21) Saint George's Hospital, (22) Hotel Regal, (23) Warehouses and sheds of Indira Dock, (24) B.P.T. Railway—General goods station (Indira Dock), (25) Carnac Bunder goods station, (26) Rex Cinema, (27) Red Gate, (28) Warehouses and sheds of Victoria and Prince's docks, (29) Merewether Dry Dock, (30) Wadi Bunder goods yards, (31) Dockyard Road railway station, (32) Reay Road railway station, (33) Victoria Fly-over bridge near Reay Road railway station, (34) I.C.L., (35) Cotton Green railway station, (36) Sewri railway station, (37) T.B. Hospital, (38) Wadala railway station, (39) Five Gardens and (40) Aurora Cinema.

Museum to Sion : This route can be divided into seven sections viz.,(1)Mahatma   Gandhi   road   from   Museum   to   Hutatma   Chauk, (2)Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji road and Palton road upto Lokmanya Tilak road junction, (3) Mohammad Ali road from Lokmanya Tilak road junction to Ibrahim Rahimtulla road junction, (4) Ibrahim Rahimtulla road upto junction of Sir Jamshetjee Jeejeebhoy road, (5) Sir Jamshetjee Jeejeebhoy road upto Byculla bridge, (6) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar marg upto Maheshwari Udyan and (7) Sion road upto Sion railway station.

Many statuesque buildings and places of interest in Bombay are located at the southern sections of this route. Generally, old buildings, banks, private and Government offices, well esteemed colleges and the University are located at the south i.e., from Museum to Mahatma Phule Market (Crawford Market), while the route traverses through the most bustling business area of Bombay from Crawford Market (Mahatma Phule Market) to Byculla where fruits, vegetables, stationery, cutlery, clothes, hosiery, engineering goods, etc., are traded on wholesale basis. From Byculla to Sion it traverses through the residential areas. Few textile mills are also located in this area.

This route traverses through Fort, Esplanade, Mandvi, Bhendi Bazar, Nagpada, Tadwadi, Byculla, Parel, Naigaum, Dadar, Matunga, and Sion. The total length of this route is about 14 km.

The following important roads which either take off from it or are crossed by it :(1) Madame Cama road, (2) Shivaji Maharaj marg, (3) Shahid Bhagatsingh road, (4) Veer Nariman road, (5) Mahatma Gandhi road, (6) Walchand Hirachand marg, (7) Hazarimal Somani marg, (8) Lok­manya Tilak road, (9) Yusuf Meher Ali road, (10) Ibrahim M. Merchant road, (1.1) Ibrahim Rahimtulla road (the section from Mohammed Ali road junction to Kalbadevi road junction), (12) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (13) Erskine road, (14) Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (15) Ram-chandra Bhat marg, (16) Dimtimkar road, (17) New Nagpada road, (18) Shepherd road, (19) Sardar Balwantsingh Dhodi marg, (20) Mirza Galib road, (21) Dr. S. S. Rao road, (22) Sant Savta marg, (23) E. S. Patanwala marg, (24) Sane Guruji path, (25) Mahadeo Palav marg, (26) Acharya Donde marg, (27) Jagannathrao Bhatankar marg, (28) Wadia road,   (29)  Dadasaheb  Phalke  road,  (30)  Gyani Jivandas marg, (31) Mumbai Marathi Grantha Sangrahalaya marg, (32) Tilak road, (33) Lady Jehangir road, (34) Horsmusji Adenwalla road, (35) Bhandarkar road, (36) Bhau Daji marg, (37) Matunga road, and (38) Eastern Express highway.

The following important objects are located along either side of this route : (1) Lion Gate, (2) Museum, (3) Jehangir Art Gallery, (4) Old Council Hall, (5) Cowasji Jehangir Hall, (6) Elphinstone College, (7) Institute of Science, (8) Regal Cinema, (9) University of Bombay, (10) British Consulate, (11) New India Assurance building, (12) Flora Fountain (13) Davar's College, (14) Central Telegraph Office, (15) Parsi Fire temple, (16) Siddharth College of Commerce and Economics (An-and Bhawan), (17) Bai Pisobai Dadabhai Vachha Fire Temple, (18) Khadi and Village Industries Emporium, (19) Handloom House, (20) Empire Hindu Hotel, (21) Capital Cinema, (22) V. T. Station and Central Railway Headquarters, (23) Bombay Municipal Corporation building, (24) Times of India building, (25) Anjuman-I-Islam high school, (26) Sir J. J. Institute of Applied Arts, (27) Police Commissioner's office, (28) Chhatrapati Shivaji market, (29) Mahatma Phule market (Crawford market), (30) Manish market, (31) Mohta market, (32) Mandvi Telephone Exchange, (33) Zakaria mosque, (34) Minara mosque, (35) J J. Hospital, (36) Dick's Garden, (37) Magen David Synagogue, (38) Sant Gadge Maharaj dharmashala, (39) Traffic Institute, (40) Sewa Niketan, (41) Bom­bay Fire Brigade, (42) Sant Gadge Maharaj market (Gold Mohur market), (43) Mahadev Temple, (44) Palace Cinema, (45) Sant Savta market, (46) Gloria Church, (47) Bai Jeejeebai baug, (48) Central Railway Hospital, (49) Parsi Agiary, (50) Veermata Jeejabai Bhosale Udyan (Victoria garden), (51) Signal and Telecommunication workshop, (52) New Great Eastern Spinning and Weaving Mills, (53) Jai Hind Cinema, (54) Voltas Ltd., (55) Godfrey Phillips Ltd., (56) Digvijay Mills, (57) Bharatmata Cinema, (58) Morarji Mills, (59) India United Mills No. 1, (60) I. T. C. Ltd., (61) Central Railway playground, (62) Central Railway's Loco Workshop, (63) Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital, (64) Dharati talkies, (65) Hindmata talkies, (66) Chitra talkies, (67) Naigaum telephone exchange, (68) Mumbai Marathi Grantha Sangrahalaya, (69) Sharada talkies, (70) Kohinoor Mills, (71) Dadar BEST workshop, (72) Ruia College, (73) Datta Mandir, (74) Sahastrafana Parshwanath Bhagavan Jain Mandir, (75) Aurora Cinema, (76) Matunga telephone exchange, (77) Mahatma Gandhi cloth market, (78) King's Circle railway station, (79) Lokmanya Tilak Hospital, (80) Roopam talkies and (81) Sion Bus Depot.

Cooperage (Lower Colaba) to Haji Ali : This route can be divided into four sections viz., (1) Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil marg from Cooperage to Cross Maidan, (2) Mahatma Gandhi road (a section of Mahatma Gandhi   road   from   Cross   Maidan   to   Vasudeo   Balwant   Chauk (Dhobi Talao), (3) Jagannath Shankarshet marg from DhobiTalao to Nana Chauk, and (4) Javji Dadaji marg (Nana Chauk) to V„ Desai Chauk (Haji Ali junction). The total length of this route is about 6.5 km. It traverses through Fort (South), Esplanade, Dhobi Talao, Fanaswadi, Girgaum, Tardeo and Mahalaxmi. This route crosses the Western Railway between Charni Road and Grant Road railway stations i.e. between Opera House and Nana Chauk where there is a bridge across the railway known as the Kennedy bridge.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Madame Cama road, (2) Veer Nariman road, (3) Hajarimal Somani marg, (4) Anandilal Podar marg (Marine Lines—first street), (5) Kalbadevi road, (6) Lokmanya Tilak road, (7) Mahapalika marg, (8) Samaldas Gandhi marg, (9) Sonapur street, (10) Dr. Viegas street, (11) Dady Shet Agiary street, (12) Dr. Babasaheb Jayakar marg, (13) T. Gharpure path, (14) Khadilkar road, (15) Raja Ram Mohan Roy marg, (16) Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg, (17) Mama Parma-nand marg, (18) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (19) French road, (20) Vitthalbhai Patel road, (21) Gamdevi road, (22) Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (23) August Kranti marg, (24) Falkland road, (25) N. Bharucha marg, and (26) Jehangir Boman Behram marg.

The following important objects are located on either side of this road :

(1) Cooperage, (2) Oval Maidan, (3) Rajabai Tower and Bombay University, (4) High Court, (5) Cross Maidan, (6) O.C.S. Tower, (7) Azad Maidan, (8) Bombay Gymkhana, (9) Prabhu Seminary high school, (10) Gora Ram temple, (11) Kala Ram temple, (12) Vishnu temple, (13) Portuguese Church, (14) Bhatia Hospital, (15) Ganga and Jamuna talkies, (16) Maruti temple, (17) Tardeo bus station, (18) Famous Cine Laboratory, (19) Air-conditioned market and (20) Commerce Centre.

Walkeshwar to Haji Ali : This route is divided into two sections, viz., (1) Lady Laxmibai Jagmohandas marg and (2) Bhulabhai Desai road. It starts from the Walkeshwar temple, and runs towards the north and traverses through Walkeshwar and Mahalaxmi area for a total length of 3.2 km. Many sky-scrapers are located on either side of this road. The August Kranti marg emanates from this road near Kemp's Corner, while the Gopalrao Deshmukh marg meets this road near Mahalaxmi temple.

The following important objects are located on the either side of this route: (1) Walkeshwar temple, (2) Hanging garden, (3) Tower of Silence, (4) Kemp's Corner, (5) Bhulabhai Desai Memorial Institute, (6) Breach Candy Hospital and (7) Mahalaxmi temple.

Opera House to Chinchpokli : This route can be divided into three sections viz., (1) Bhadkamkar marg (5,200 feet), (2) Dr. Anandrao Nair marg, and Arthur road (3,600 feet), and (3) Sane Guruji path (4,400 feet). It traverses through Girgaum Khetwadi, Tardeo, Byculla and Chinch-pokli. The total length of this route is about 4 km. It runs towards the north upto Sant Gadge Maharaj Chauk and then north-east upto Chinch-pokli railway station. It crosses the Central Railway line near the Chinchpokli railway station to meet Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar road.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it: (1) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (2) Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (3) AJlibhai Premji marg, (4) Annesley road, (5) Falkland road, (6) Guilder road, (7) Bellasis road No. 3, (8) Jehangir Boman Behram road, (9) Club road, (10) Club back road, (11) Gell street, (12) Keshavrao Khade marg, (13) Maulana Azad road, (14) Jagtap marg, (15) N. M. Joshi marg, and (16) Ambedkar marg.

The important objects located on either side on this route are : (1) Opera House, (2) Swastik Talkies, (3) Naaz Cinema, (4) Minerva Cinema, (5) Apsara Cinema, (6) Novelty Cinema, (7) Guilder Tank Maidan, (8) Y.M.C.A. Club, (9) Bombay Central railway station, (10) Bombay Central S. T. Station, (11) Maratha Mandir Theatre, (12) Nair Hospital, (13) New Shirin Talkies, (14) Arthur Road Jail, (15) Arthur Road Hospital and (16) Chinchpokli railway station.

Chaupati to Mazgaon (Dongri) : This route, known as the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, emanates from the Chaupati on the Netaji Subhash road and crosses the Western Railway near the Opera House where there is bridge across the railway lines known as the Sandhurst Bridge. It also crosses the Central Railway lines between Masjid and Sandhurst Road railway stations, where there is a bridge known as the Dongri Bridge. It runs in easterly direction for 3414 metres (3.4 km.) and meets the P. De'Mellow road in Mazgaon area. It traverses through Khetwadi, Kumbharvada, Khara Talao, Umarkhadi and Dongri.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Nyayamurti Sitaram Patkar marg, (2) Mathew road, (3) Mama Parmanand marg, (4) Jagannath Shankarshet road, (5) Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg, (6) Vitthalbhai Patel road, (7) Raja Ram Mohan Roy marg, (8) Khetwadi main road, (9) Nanubhai Desai road, (10) Falkland road, (11) MauJana Azad road, (12) Erskine road, (13) Ibrahim Rahimtulla road, (14) Narsinatha street, (15) Jail road, (16) Dr. Keshavji Naik road, (17) Maheshwari road, (18) Argyle road and (19) P. De'Mellow road.

The important objects located on either side of this route are : (1) Opera House, (2) Servants of India Society building, (3) Parekh Hospital, (4) Gol Pitha, (5) Alankar Theatre, (6) Edward Theatre, (7) Gol Deul, (8) Nullbazar market, (9) Bhendi Bazar, (10) Dongri jail and (11) Wadi Bunder goods yard,

Dhobi Talao to Bhendi Bazar : This route popularly known as the Kalbadevi road starts from the Vasudeo Balvant Chauk at Dhobi Talao (near the Metro Cinema) and runs towards the east to meet the Ibrahim Rahimtulla road. The total length of this road is 1341 metres. It traverses through the very busy area having shops of brass and stainless steel utensils, furniture, cloth and cutlery.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Mahatma Gandhi road, (2) Mahapalika marg, (3) Lokmanya Tilak road, (4) Jagannath Shankarshet road, (5) Marine Lines 1st street, (6) Samaldas Gandhi marg, (7) Kantilal Sharma marg, (8) Dr. Velkar street, (9) Babu Genu road, (10) Dhirubhai Parekh road, (11) Sheikh Memon street, (12) Dady Shet Agiary lane, (13) Abdul Rehman street, (14) Bhuleshwar road, (15) Kika street and (16) Ibrahim Rahimtulla road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this road : (1) Jain temple, (2) Dady Shet Agiary, (3) Mumbadevi temple and (4) Kalbadevi temple.

Kemp's Corner to Wadi Bunder : This route can be divided into two sections viz., (1) August Kranti marg and the Maulana Shaukat Ali road and (2) Ramchandra Bhat marg (Babula Tank road), Shivdas Chapsi marg (Mazgaon road) and the Zinabai Rathod marg (Wadi Bunder road). It starts from the Kemp's Corner i.e., the north end of the Hanging Garden at the junction of the Napean Sea road and the Bhulabhai Desai marg and runs towards the east to meet the P. De'Mellow road near Wadi Bunder. It traverses through Gowalia Tank, Nana Chauk, Grant Road, Khetwadi, Nagpada, Bhendi Bazar and Umarkhadi for a length of about 6 km.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Bhulabhai Desai road, (2) Jagmohandas marg, (3) B. G. Kher marg, (4) Pandita Ramabai road, (5) Javji Dadaji road, (6) Jagannath Shankarshet road, (7) Allibhai Premji marg, (8) Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg, (9) Balaram street, (10) Raja Ram Mohan Roy marg, (11) Falkland road, (12) Maulana Azad road, (13) Ibrahim Rahimtulla road, (14) Babula Tank cross lane, (15) Umarkhadi Jail road (north), (16) Umarkhadi Jail road (east) and (17) Dr. Mascarenhes road. It crosses the Western Railway lines near Grant Road railway station where there is a bridge across the railway lines known as the Frere Bridge, and the Central Railway lines between the Sandhurst road and Byculla railway stations where there is also a bridge.

The important objects located on either side of this route are : (1) Kemp's Corner, (2) Malabar Hills (Hanging Garden), (3) Tejpal Auditorium, (4) August Kranti maidan, (5) Kranti Stambh, (6) Grant Road railway station, (7) Maruti mqndir and (8) J. J. Hospital.

Byculla Bridge to Mahim Causeway : It can be divided into three sections, viz., (1) N. M. Joshi marg (12,800 ft.), (2) Gokhale road (6,640 ft.) and (3) Lady Jamshetji road (6,800 ft.). It starts from Byculla Bridge and runs towards the north upto Mahim Causeway and traverses through Byculla, Chinchpokali, Worli, Dadar and Mahim for about 8 km. It crosses the Western Railway lines near Lower Parel railway station where there is a bridge known as the Lower Parel Bridge.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Jagtap marg, (2) Sane Guruji path, (3) Currey Road railway station road (4) Gopalrao Kadam marg, (5) Senapati Bapat marg, (6) Carrol road, (7) Dadasaheb Bhatankar marg, (8) Sayani road, (9) Kakasaheb Gadgil marg, (10) Bhavanishankar road, (11) S. K. Bole marg, (12) Dnyanmandir marg, (13) Ranade road, (14) Shivaji Park road, (15) N. C. Kelkar road (16) Lady Hardinge road, (17) Sitaladevi Temple road and (18) Veer Savarkar marg.

The important objects located on either side of this route are as follows : (1) Curshetjee Manekjee statue (Khada Parsi), (2) Byculla fire brigade, (3) Khatav Mills, (4) Byculla railway station, (5) Chinchpokli railway station, (6) Currey Road railway station, (7) Lower Parel railway station, (8) Western Railway workshop, (9) Crown Mills, (10) Portuguese Church, (11) Shivaji Park, (12) Kohinoor Mills, (13) Sitaladevi temple, (14) City Light Cinema, (15) Barakha Talkies, (16) Badal Talkies, (17) Bijali Talkies, (18) Shree Talkies, (19) Paradise Theatre, (20) Mount Mary Church, (21) Victoria Church, (22) Ram Mandir, (23) Mahim fort and (24) Mahim BEST bus depot.

Race Course to Mahim Causeway : This road formerly known as the Tulsi Pipe line is now renamed as the Senapati Bapat marg. It starts from Race Course, runs towards the north and traverses through Chinch­pokli, Worli, Prabhadevi, Dadar and Mahim. The total length of this road is about 8.5 km.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) E. Moses road, (2) Ganapatrao Kadam marg, (3) N. M. Joshi marg, (4) Carrol road, (5) Bhatankar marg, (6) Sayani road, (7) Kaka­saheb Gadgil marg, (8) Dadar road, (9) N. C. Kelkar road, (10) Lady Hardinge road, (11) Sitaladevi Temple road, (12) Mori road and (13) Dharavi road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this road : (1) Mahalaxmi Race Course, (2) Famous Cine Laboratory, (3) Globe Mills, (4) Western Railway workshop, (5) Sewage purification plant, (6) Dadar railway station, (7) Tilak Bridge, (8) Ruparel College, (9) Matunga Road railway station, (10) Sitaladevi temple, (11) Mahim railway station and (12) Mahim BEST bus depot.

Eastern Express Highway : To relieve the acute traffic congestion on the Bombay-Thane road, which was the only highway leading to and from Bombay, it was decided in concurrence with the Government of India and the Bombay Municipal Corporation, to construct two Express Highways, viz. (1) the Eastern Express Highway and (2) the Western Express highway. The Eastern Express Highway is an important artery of traffic from and to Bombay which has not only relieved the transport bottleneck on the Bombay-Agra road but also facilitated very speedy traffic from Bombay to Thane. It has been constructed in conformity with the standards of an Express Highway and has the least number of obstructions in the form of road crossings or approach roads. It starts from Sion from the Sion Road No. 3-A, Scheme No. 6, runs towards the north-easterly direction and leaves for Thane district at km. 18.92. Total length of this road is 24.14 km. of which the length of 18.92 km. (62,040 feet) is within the jurisdiction of the Greater Bombay area. This road traverses through Sion, Chembur, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Bhandup and Mulund. It meets the Bombay-Agra road near Thane. The entire length of this road has a black-topped surface and has a width of 108 feet throughout its length. It crosses the V.T.-Kurla Harbour Branch line of the Central Railway near Chunabhatti and the Kurla-Mankhurd Harbour Branch line near Chembur where there are bridges. It crosses many branches of the Thane creek where there are drains.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Vitthal Narayan Purao road, (2) S. G. Barve road, (3) Ghatkopar-Mahul road and (4) Vikhroli-Kannamwar Nagar road.

Western Express Highway : This Express Highway is also an important artery of traffic from and to Bombay which has relieved the traffic load on the Swami Vivekanand road (Old Ghodbundar road) and also facilitated speedy traffic from Bombay towards the north. It starts from the Swami Vivekanand road at Mahim Causeway, crosses the Western Railway lines near Bandra, where there is a over bridge, and runs in north direction parallel to the Western Railway lines upto Dahisar and meets the Swami Vivekanand road at fthe border of Greater Bombay from where the Bombay-Ahmedabad National Highway emanates. It traverses through Bandra, Khar, Santacruz, Vile-Parle, Andheri, Jogeshwari, Goregaon, Malad, Kandivli, Borivli and Dahisar for a total length of 25.6 km. (84,480 feet). The entire length of this road has a black-topped surface with a throughout width of 108 feet.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Sion-Dharavi road, (2) Nehru road (Vile-Parle), (3) Andheri-Sahar road, (4) N. Vasanji road (Andheri-Ghatkopar), (5) Aarey road (Goregaon-Mulund road), (6) Quarry road, (7) Akurli road and (8) Swami Vivekanand road.

The main objects of interest alongside are : Santacruz aerodrome, Sahar International Airport, Hotel Centaur, Aarey Park, National Park and Kanheri Caves.

The Santacruz aerodrome is located at the east side of this road. From Borivli east, the Kanheri Caves road emanates from this highway and runs in eastern direction for a total length of about 4.75 km. to reach the famous caves of Kanheri. The Kanheri Caves road traverses through the famous National Park of Borivli.

Sion to Mulund (Lai Bahadur Shastri marg) : Formerly this road was known as the Bombay-Agra road. This important road is a connecting link between Bombay and Maharashtra as well as the central, eastern and southern parts of India. Before construction of the railway line this road was used as a route of military movements from Bombay to Nashik. Before constructing the Eastern Express highway this was the only important highway leading to and from Bombay. Even after construction of the Eastern Express highway, it has retained its importance. This road starts from the road junction to the west of Sion Bridge near Sion railway station, runs in north-easterly direction, somewhat parallel to the Central Railway lines and leaves for Thane district at km. No. 22 near Mulund Check Naka. This road traverses through Kurla, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Bhandup and Mulund for a total length of 22 km. The entire length of this road has a black-topped surface with a width of 30.48 metres. This road traverses through the industrial belt of North Bombay.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Sarveshwar Mandir road, (2) Belgrami road, (3) Sitaram Bhairav lane, (4) S. G. Barve marg, (5) Magan Nathuram road, (6) Son-apur lane, (7) Premier road, (8) Kale marg, (9) Vidyavihar road, (10) Nari Sewa Sadan road, (11) Chirag Nagar road, (12) Parsiwadi road, (13) Karani lane, (14) Jeevdaya lane, (15) Mahatma Gandhi road, (16) Rifle Range road, (17) Hirachand Desai road, (18) Kacharapatti road, (19) Sanghavi Estate road, (20) Sainath Nagar road, (21) Vikhroli Municipal Colony road, (22) Vikhroli station road, (23) Powai road, (24) Kanjur Marg road, (25) Quarry road, (26) James Beaching road, (27) Bhandup station road, (28) Tank road, (29) Bhattipada road, (30) Khot road, (31) Lake road, (32) Bhandup village road, (33) 100 feet link road, (34) Rallifan road, (35) Devidayal road, (36) Sindhi Colony road, (37) Rajendra Prasad road, (38) Bal Rajeshwari road and (39) Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya marg.
The objects of interest nearby this road are the Powai and Tulsi lakes.

Mahim Causeway to Dahisar : This road formerly known as the Ghodbundar road is now renamed as the Swami Vivekanand road. It starts from Mahim Causeway and runs towards the north somewhat parallel to the Western Railway upto Borivli railway station. Afterwards it crosses the Western Railway lines between the Borivli railway station and the Dahisar railway station. The road traverses through all the western   suburbs  of Greater  Bombay, viz. Bandra, Khar, Santacruz, Juhu, Vile Parle, Andheri, Jogeshwari, Goregaon, Eksar, Pakhadi, Malad, Kandivli, Borivli and Dahisar, for a total length of 17.70 km. The entire length of this road has a black-topped surface.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Western Express Highway, (2) Bandra Bazar road, (3) Hill road, (4) Bandra Station road, (5) Turner road, (6) Vallabhbhai Patel road, (7) 30th Municipal road, (8) Khar-Pali road, (9) 1st Municipal road, (10) South Avenue road, (11) Church road, (12) Main Avenue road, (13) North Avenue road, (14) Makarand Ghanekar marg, (15) Juhu road, (16) Vaikunthlal Mehta road, (17) Jaiprakash road, (18) Caesar road, (19) Prabhat Nagar load, (20) Behram Baug road, (21) Motilal Nagar road, (22) Aarey road, (23) Chincholi road, (24) Jakeriaroad, (25) Marve road, (26) Mathuradas road, (27) Mahatma Gandhi road, (28) Akurli road, (29) Manori road and (30) Versova-Dahisar road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this road : (1) Bandra Mosque, (2) Bandra Talkies, (3) N. M. Munshi Udyan, (4) Sacred Heart Church, Khar, (5) Milan Talkies, (6) Santa-cruz bus depot, (7) Nanavati Hospital, (8) Juhu Aerodrome, (9) Mithibai College, (10) Andheri Fire brigade, (11) Triveni Theatre, (12) Andheri railway station, (13) Saint X'avier's Church, Amboli, (14) Hanzer Cinema, Jogeshwari, (15) Jogeshwari railway station, (16) Ram aur Sham Theatres, (17) Patkar College, (18) Jain Siddhashram, (19) Malad Telephone Exchange, (20) Dalmiya College, Malad, (21) Milap Talkies, (22) Kandivli Masjid, (23) Jari Mari Mandir, Kandivli, (24) Kandivli bus station, (25) Poisar bus depot and (26) Borivli railway station.

Besides the above mentioned objects, the following are the famous places of interest in the adjoining areas of the Swami Vivekanand road :

(1) Mount Mary's Church, Bandra, (2) Bandra Talkies; (3) Juhu beach, (4) Versova beach, (5) Jogeshwari caves, (6) Aarey Milk Colony, (7) Marve and Manori beach, (8) Madh island and beach, (9) Kanheri eaves, (10) National Park, Borivli, (11) Mount Poisar and (12) Mandapeshwar temple and caves.

In view of passenger traffic, this is the most important road traversing the western suburbs of Greater Bombay as many long distance city buses ply over this road.

Sion-Panvel route : This route starts from Sion i.e from LaxmiChauk, runs in common with the Tatya Tope marg (the southern section of the Eastern Express Highway) upto the junction of the Choitram Gidwani marg where it bifurcates to the right and further runs in easterly direction towards Panvel. It leaves Bombay at the Thane creek bridge. This is a very important route joining Bombay with New Bombay and further with Konkan, Pune and southern India.

From the junction of Eastern Express Highway to the junction of Panvel road it is known as the V. N. Purao marg. It crosses the Harbour railway line twice near Chunabhatti railway station and near Mankhurd railway station. The Thane creek bridge on this highway is a wonder in civil engineering.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Tatya Tope marg (Eastern Express Highway), (2) Choitram Gidwani marg, (3) R. C. Chemburkar marg, (4) Gowandi station road, (5)  Sion-Trombay road (section of V. N. Purao marg) and (6) Kolwada- Borla road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this route : (1) Chembur Garden,   (2) R. K. Film Studio, (3) Golf Club, (4)  Deonar bus depot and (5) Mankhurd railway station.

Kurla to Tulsi lake : This route can be divided into three sections, viz. (1) Powai road upto Saki Naka, (2) Saki-Vihar road upto the junction of Aarey road and (3) Aarey road upto the junction of Borivli-Mulund road. This route traverses through the industrial belt of Andheri (East) and Kurla (West). The first two sections of this route run parallel to the Mithi river upto the Vihar lake. The route meets the Borivli-Mulund road at Tulsi lake.

The following important routes either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) S. G. Barve marg, (2) Sahar road, (3) Mathuradas Vasanji road, (4) Vihar Lake road (Goregaon-Vihar road), (5) Aarey road and
(6)  Borivli-Mulund road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this route : (1) Powai lake, (2) I.I.T., (3) Chinmaya Ashram, (4) Vihar lake,(5)  Aarey Milk Colony, (6) Film City, (7) Dewarpark and (8) Tulsi lake.

Santacruz to Juhu : This road popularly known as the Juhu road, starts from the Swami Vivekanand road, runs towards the west upto Juhu Tara and thence towards the north upto the junction of the Vaikunthlal Mehta road. The total length of this road is 5.25 km. Juhu beach is located to the west of this road.

Andheri Railway Station to Saki Naka : Formerly this road was known as the Andheri-Kurla road, now renamed as the Mathuradas Vasanji marg. It starts from Andheri station and runs towards the east upto Saki Naka for 6 km., where it meets the Powai road. The important roads which either take off from it or are crossed by it are given below:
(1) Sahar road, (2) Old Nagardas road, (3) Suren road, (4) Western Express Highway, (5) Mahakali Caves road, (6) Chakala road, (7) Marol-Maroshi road and (8) Saki-Vihar road.

The following important objects are located on either side of this road : (1) Gondvali Church, (2) Sangam Talkies, (3) I. I. T., (4) Powai lake and garden.

Andheri Station to Versova : This road is known as the Versova road. It starts from Swami Vivekanand road near Andheri railway station and runs towards the west upto the Versova village. The section from Andheri railway station to Sat Bungalow Park is named as Jai Prakash road. Total length of this road is about 5. 8 km.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it: (1) S. V. road, (2) Dadabhoy road, (3) Veera Desai road and (4) Church road.

The following important places are located on either side of this road : (1) Navrang Cinema, (2) Bhawan's College, (3) Dhake Colony, (4) Char Bungalow, (5) Sat Bungalow park, (6) Versova Church and (7) Versova beach.

Goregaon Station to Vihar Lake : This road also known as the Aarey road, starts from Goregaon railway station and runs towards the east to meet the Saki-Vihar road at Vihar lake. The total length of this road is 9.25 km. It crosses the Western Express Highway near New Zealand hostel. The Mahakali Caves road meets this road at picnic spot of Aarey Colony, while the Marol-Maroshi road meets this road near Maroshi village. The following important objects are located on either side of this road : (1) Modern Bakery, (2) Aarey picnic spot, (3) Powai lake, (4) Chinmaya Ashram, (5) Maroshi and (6) Vihar lake.

Malad to Madh : This road starts from the Swami Vivekanand road at Malad. It is divided into two sections, viz. (1) Malad-Marve road and (2) Marve-Madh road. The former runs towards the west, while the latter towards the south. This road has a fine view of the greeneries with some old monuments located at both the sides. A long belt of Marve greeneries with coconuts and other swamp bushes and the beaches of Akasa, Erangal and Madh islands are alluring and picturesque. Marve beach and Madh island are picnic spots where many visitors from Bombay and the adjoining areas spend their holidays.

It traverses through Malad (West), Marve and Madh for a total length of 13.4 km.

The following important roads either take off from it or are crossed by it : (1) Swami Vivekanand road, (2) Versova-Pahisar road, (3) Liberty Garden road, and (4) Versova-Madh road.

The following important places are located on either side of this route : (1) Orieni Church, (2) Kharodi village, (3) Malvani Church, (4) Marve village and beach, (5) Yogashram, (6) Erangal village and beach, (7) Madh island and fort.

Borivli station to Manori: Starting from Borivli station, this route runs in western direction upto Gorai and thence towards the south upto Manori. Further it crosses the Manori creek to meet the Malad-Marve road near Anand village. It traverses through Borivli (West), Gorai and Manori island for a total length of about 14 km. It was proposed to construct a new aerodrome on Gorai island near this road.(This proposal has still not materialised.)

Kanheri Caves road: It starts from the Western Express Highway at Borivli (East) and runs in south-easterly direction upto Kanheri caves for a total length of 6.4 km. It traverses through National Park at Borivli and the thick forest near the caves. It crosses the Dahisar river near Gandhi Dham in National Park.

Besides the above described major routes in Bombay, there are as many as 79 other important roads, the account of which is given in table No. 9.

Bridges : There are as many as nine major bridges in Greater Bombay built in this century, the account of which is given in table No. 10.

Besides the major bridges mentioned in table Nos. 8 (Table No. 8 gives information of major bridges as in 1909.) and 10 there are many small bridges in Greater Bombay. An account of a few important among them is given in table No. 11.

Bombay Road Development Programme : It is proposed to connect the Eastern and Western Express Highways by constructing various link roads in order to help efficiently in relieving the congestion in the suburbs of Bombay. After carrying out extensive surveys and studies, M/s. Wilbur Smith and Associates submitted a report in 1963 on Bombay Traffic and Transportation Study and recommended a plan of Rs. 96 crores (1963 estimates) consisting of a network of freeways, expressways and major street improvements to provide for the needs of the anticipated growth of traffic by the year 1981 in Bombay. It was proposed to complete this plan in four stages of about five years each. As a special programme for implementing the recommendations of Wilbur Smith Report, the survey of Bombay city was taken up in 1966-67. According to this programme Bombay island is proposed to be encircled by freeways and bisected by an expressway.

The following statement shows the details as per the Wilbur Smith Plan :—

Name		Cost (Rs. in lakhs)
	Length (in km.)	Construction	Right of way	Total
1   East Island Freeway	14.34	29,72	3,16	32,88
2   Cross Island Connector	1.52	4,80	5	4,85
3   Mahim Creek Connector	2.96	1,63	6	1,69
4   West Island Freeway	16.61	23,42	70	24,12
5   Western Expressway	6.44	1,35	0	1,35
6   Eastern Expressway	4.02	1,02	0	1,02
7   Tardeo Expressway	1.09	17	1,80	1,97
8   Central Island Expressway	12.38	3,27	2,47	5,74
9   Sewri Island Expressway	7.87	2,61	1,55	4,16
10  Major Street Improvement	119.68	6,68	11,46	18,14
Grand Total	186.91	74,67	21,25	95,92

The following 25 major routes were taken up under " Major Route Improvement Programme " of the Wilbur Smith Plan :

(1) Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (2) Kalbadevi road, (3) Princess street, (4) Carnac road, (5) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (6) Hughes road, (7) Bellasis road, (8) Delisle road, (9) Victoria road, (10) King Edward road, (11) Tulsi Pipe road, (12) Elphinstone road, (13) Tilak road, (14) Gross Esplanade road, (15) Waudby road, (16) Lady Jehangir road extension, (17) Santacruz-Chembur link road, (18) Sion-Trombay road (Diversion), (19) Andheri-Ghatkopar link road, (20) Jogeshwari-Vikhroli link road, (21) Goregaon-Mulund link road, (22) Swami Vivekanand road, (23) Mahim Causeway, (24) Borivli-Mulund link road, and (25) Thane-Belapur road.

The following six freeways of 44.8 km. were included in the " Freeway Programme " of the Wilbur Smith Plan :—

(1) East Island Freeway, (2) Gross Island connector, (3) Mahim Creek connector, (4) West Island Freeway, (5) Western Express highway and (6) Eastern Express highway.

Besides, the following three expressways of 25.6 km. were also included in the Plan:—

(1) Tardeo Expressway, (2) Central Island Expressway, and (3) Sewri Expressway.

According to the Wilbur Smith Plan Programme, the following works costing about Rs. 27 crores were proposed to be taken up as 1st phase works, out of which Rs. 18 crores were to be spent in IVth Five-Year Plan and an amount of Rs. 9 crores was proposed to be spilled over to Vth Five-Year Plan (Of the roads planned, only Bandra-Dharavi link is completed, the rest being under progress.) :—

(1) East Island Freeway from Carnac Bunder to Reay Road junction,
(2) West Island Freeway from  Chaupati  to  Haji  Ali  (including Malabar Hill Tunnel),
(3) Major street improvements including link roads— 

1. Bandra-Dharavi link road,
2. Andheri-Ghatkopar link road,
3. Goregaon-Mulund link road,
4. Chembur-Mankhurd link road,
5. Engineering surveys.

In addition to the above it had been decided to include Santacruz-Chembur link road and Jogeshwari-Vikhroli link road in the First Phase Programme which was to be taken in the IVth Five-Year Plan.

TABLE NO. 9
OTHER MAJOR ROADS IN GREATER BOMBAY -1973-74

Serial No.	Name of the road	Starting Point	Ending Point	Area through which it traverses	Lenght (in feet) or metres	Width (in feet)	Bridges on it	Roads which emante from it or meet it	Important junctions
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1	Cuff Parade road (General J. Bhonsle marg)	Navy area	Madame Cama road	Backbay Reclamation	8,000	60		(1) Pandya road, (2) Wodehouse road	..
2	Babulnath road	Junction of Dr.N.A. Purandare marg and Walkeshwar road	Sitaram PAtkar marg	Baulnath temple	1,600	70		(1)Babulnath cross road, (2) Chaupati road	Nayayamaurti Sitaram Patkar marg junction
3	Wodehouse road	Colaba road	Museum junction	Backbay	3,000	50		(1)Cuffe Parade road, (2) Maharishi Karve road (3)Cooperage road, (4)Kitridge road
4	Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahraj marg	Museum	Gateway of India	Museum to Gateway of India	1,200	60 and 80
5	Madame Cama road	Museum	Netaji Sibhash road (Nariman Point)	Mayo road to Mantralaya	3,800	90 and 120		(1) Cooperage road, (2) Mayo road, (3) Maharishi Karve road	(1) Cooperage (2)Mantralaya
6	Jamshetji Tata road	Madame Cama road	Churchgate Junction	Backbay	5,060	80 and 120		(1) Veer Nariman road, (2) Maharishi Karve road, (3)Dinshaw Vachcha road	Churchgate junction
7	Veer NAriman road	Netaji Subhash road	Horniman Circle	Churgate Hutatma Chauk	3,680	80 and 120		(1)Netaji Subhash road, (2) Maharshi KArve road, (3) Jamshetji Tata road, (4) Mayo road, (5) Mahatma Gandhi road	(1)Netaji Subhash road junction. (2) Churchgate junction. (3)Mayo road junction
8	Hajarimal Somani marg	Junction of M.G. road and Mayo road	V.T. Junction	Azad Maidan	1,000	60		(1)Dr.D.N.road. (2)Mahapalika road, (3)M.G.road	V.T.Junction
9	Walchand Hirachand marg	Nagar Chauk, V.T	Ballard road	Nagar Chauk, G.P.O.,Indira dock, Yello gate	3,610	80 and 60		(1)Mint road, (2)P.De'Mellow road, (3)Shahid Bhagatsing road. (4) Nicol road.	(1)G.P.O., (2)P.De'Mellow road junction
10	MInt road	Fort Market	G.P.O	Ballard Pier	900	80
11	Mahapalika marg	Nagar Chauk	Dhobi Talao	Azad Maidan and Esplanade Court	2,240	100		(1)D.N.road, (2)M.G.road (3)Lokmanya Tilak road	Nagar chauk
12	Lokmanya Tilak Marg	Dhobi Talao	P.De'Mellow road	Crawford market	4,400	100	Carnac bridge	(1) D.N.road, (2)Palton road, (3)Abdul Rehman street, (4) Mohammad Ali road	Crawford market junction
13	Ist Marine Lines road	Maharshi Karve road	Dhobi Talao	Dhobi Talao	1,000	60		(1) M.G.road, (2)Maharshi Karve road.	Vasudeo Balwant Chauk
14	Drainage Channel road	Arthur road	Clerk road	Tulsiwadi & Mahalaxmi	2,960	80		Tardeo road
15	Keshavrao Khade marg (Clerk road)	haji Ali	N.M.Joshi marg	Race Course and Gadge Maharaj Chauk	7,400	80	Mahalaxmi bridge	E.Moses road	Gadge Maharaj Chauk
16	Dr.E.Moses road	Worli Naka	Gadge Maharaj Chauk	Race course	7,440	80	Mahalaxmi bridge		(1) gadge Maharaj Chauk, (2)Worli Naka
17	Mori road	Senapati Bapat marg	Mahim Causeway	Mahim	2,000	60		L.J.road	L.J.road Junction
18	Yusuf Meherally road	Mumbaidevi road	P.De'Mellow road	Masjid station	3,520	60	Masjid bridge	(1) Abdul Rehman Street, (2)Mohammad Ali road.	Masjid junction
19	Maulana Abdul Gafarkahn road	Dr. Annie Besant road	Worli village	Worli Seaface	9,200	120		(1)Worli road no.10, (2)Dr.Annie Besant road	Atre Chauk
20	Fergusson road	Worli Naka	N.M.JOshi mar	Worli and Lower Parel	4,700	40		(1) Senapati Bapat marg, (2) N.M.Joshi marg
21	Pandurang Budhkar marg (Globe Mill Passage)	Dr.A.Besant road	N.M.Joshi marg	Worli	4,250	80	...	...	...
22	N.C.Kelkar road	S.K.Bole road	Lady Jamshetji road	Dadar (West)	3,200	60	..	Ranade road	Shivaji Park
23	Bhawanishankar road	S.K.Bole road	Gokhale road	Dadar	3,000	60
24	Tilak road	N.C.Kelkar road	G.D.Ambekar road	Dadar and Wadala	4,000	60	Tilak Bridge	Babasaheb Ambedkar road	Khodadad circle
25	Samaldas Gandhi marg	Maharshi Karve orad	Janjikar street	Kalbadevi and Grigaum	2,600	60	Princess street fly-over	(1)Jagannath Shankar shet road (2)Kalbadevi road.
26	Maulana Azad road	Kika Street	Gadge Maharaj Chauk	Null bazar and Nagpada	8,900	60		(1)Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road, (2)Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (3)Jehangir Boman Behram road	Nagpada Junction
27	Jehangir Boman Behram roaod	Tardeo	Maulana Azad road	Bombay Central and Nagpada. Tardeo, Golpitha	4,400	90	Bellasis bridge	(1)Anandrao Nair road, (2)Maulana Azad road, (3) Foras road	Bombay Central
28	Patthe Bapurao Street (Falkland road)	tardeo	Kika street	Tardeo, Golpitha	6,400	60 & 40	Falkland bridge	(1)Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg, (2)R.S.Nimbkar road, (3) Maulana Shaukat Ali road, (4) Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel road	D.B.marg junction
29	R.S.Nimbkar marg (Foras road)	Falkland road	Jehangir Boman Behram road	Kamathipura	2,200	60		(1)Falkland road, (2)J.B.Behram road
30	Dadasaheb Phalke road	Dr.Ambedkar road	Kohinoor road	Dadar	3,200	50		(1)Naigaum cross road
31	Mirza Galib Street (Clare road)	Maulana Azad road	Byculla bridge Nagpada	Nagpada	1,900	80		(1)j.B.Behram road, (2)Maulana Azad road (3)Byculla bridge	Byculla bridge junction
32	Lakhamsey Napoo road	Kohinoor road	Bhandarkar road	Matunga and Dadar	4,800	60 & 70
33	Sitaladevi temple road	Veer Savarkar marg	Senapati Bapat marg	Mahim	1,100	60		Lady Jamshetji road	Lady jamshetji road junction.
34	Rao Bahadur S.K.Bole road	N.C.Kelkar	Veer Savarkar road	Prabhadevi and Dadar	2,650	60		(1)Gokhale road(south), (2)Gokhale road(north),	Gokhale road junction
35	Prabhadevi new road	Gokhale road	Veer Savarkar road	Prabhadevi	2,400	50		Appasaheb Marathe marg
36	Sayani road	Vere Savarkar road	Senapati Bapt road	Prabhadevi	3,000	80& 60		(1)Senapati Bapat marg, (2)Gokhale road (south), (3) Shankar Ghanekar marg.	(1)Senapati Bapat marg junction, (2)Gokhale road junction
37	Acharya Donde marg	Babsaheb Ambedkar road	R.A.Kidwai road	Parel	5,000	80		(1)Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar road, (2)G.D.Ambekar road (3)Thackersey Jivaraj road,	Parel junction
38	Bal Gangadhar Kher marg	Walkeshwar road	Kemps Corner	Hanging garden	7,280	60,40 & 30		(1)Manav Mandir road, (2)Mount Pleasant road, (3)L.D.Ruparel road, (4)Gowalia Tank road	Gowalia Tank road junction
39	Dattaram Lad road	Chincpokli sation	Reay road	Chincpokli and Lalbaug	2,900	60		(1)Babasaheb Ambedkar road	Kala Cahuky
40	Road No.19, Scheme 6 of Sion	Sion road,No.26 A and B	Dharavi	Dharavi	2,290	100	Sion Hospital bridge	(1)Bandaji road extension
41	M.Palav marg (Currey road)	N.M.Joshi marg	Babsaheb Ambedkar road	Lower Parel, Lalbaug	1,700	60	Curry Road Bridge	(1)Babasaheb Ambedkar road	Bharatmata junction
42	J.Bhatnakar marg	Senapati Bapat marg	Babasaheb Ambedkar road	parel	2,330	60	Elphinstone bridge	(1)Babasaheb Ambedkar road	Parel T.T
43	Appasaheb Marathe marg	New Prabhadevi road	Dr.Annie Besant road.	Prabhadevi	7,400	80			Century Bazar
44	Thackersey Jivraj marg	jakaria Bunder road extension	Golanji Hill	Sewri	N.A.	40		Acharya Donde marg.
45	Choitram Gidwani road	Ghatkopar Mahul road	V.N.Purao marg	Chembur	5,280	120
46	Ghatkopar Mahul road	Rajawadi 7th road	Eastern Express highway	Ghatkopar	3,600	60 & 78		(1) V.N.Purao road, (2) C.Gaidwani road	Eastern Express highway junction
47	Mahatma Gandhi Road	Rajawadi 7th road	Lal Bahadur Shatri marg	Ghatkopar	4,700	60 &78			Eastern Express highway junction
48	Dayanand Saraswati marg	Chembur staion	V.N.Parao road	Chembur	2,360	80
49	S.G.Barve marg	V.N.Purao road	Kalina	Chembur and Kurla	15,840	25 & 45	* (Since there is no bridge over Railway near Kurla station throught vehicular traffice is not possible) )	(1)Eseatern Express highway, (2)Lal Bahadur Shastri marg.	Lal Bahadur Shastri marg.junction
50	Mahatma Gandhi road	Mulund railway station	Rajendra Prasad road	Mulund (W)	3,475	60		Devidayal road	Panchrasta
51	Netaji Subhash road	Muluns station	Rajendra Prasad road	Mulund (W)	3,140	60		Rajendra Prasad road
52	Rajendra Prasad road	Netaji Subhash road	Lal Bahadur Shastri marg	Mulund (W)	5,300	60		(1)Netaji Subhash road, (2)M.G.road
53	Devidayal marg	M.G.Road	Lal Bahadur Shastri marg	Mulund (W)	3,380	60
54	Turner road	bandra station	Perry road	Bandra	4,000	50 & 90		Swami Vivekanand road	S.V.road junction
55	Hill road	S.V.road	Mount Mary road	Bandra (W)	6,200	40		Waterfiled road	S.V. road junction
56	Perry road	Turner road	Mahadeobhai Desai road	Bandra (W)	2,600	50
57	Linking road	S.V.road	Juhu road	Bandra (W), Khar (W)and Santacruz (W)	7,600	60		(1)30th Khar road, (2) 1st Kahr road, (3)South Avenue road, (4)Juhu road	S.V.road junction
58	Byramjee Jeejibhoy road	Hill road	Badra Bandstand	Bandra sea-shore	4,000	30
59	Mahadeobahi Desai road(Carter road)	Perry road	Khar Danda	Bandra sea-shore	8,000	30		Perry road
60	Waterfiled road	Hill road	Linking road	Bandra (W)	3,100	40		(1)TUrner road, (2)30th Khar road
61	1st Khar road	Carter road	Khar station	Kahr (W)	6,000	50		(1)Linking road, (2)Ambedkar road
62	South Avenue road	S.V.Road	Khar Danda	Khar (W)	2,650	40		Linking road	Khar junction
63	Church road	Khar subway	S.V.road		900	60	Subway
64	Vaikunthbhai Mehta road	S.V.road	Juhu road	Vile-Parle (W)	4,620	100
65	Andheri- Sahar road	Andheri railway station	Sahar	Andheri (E) and Sahar	12,210	70		(1)M.Vasanji road, (2)Western Express highway, (3)M.G.road, (4) Chakala road	Western Express highway junction
66	Dashrathlal Joshi marg	Vile-Parle station	S.V.road	Vile Prale (E)	1,500	60
67	Marol-Maroshi road	Mathuradas Vasanji road	Arey colony	Marol andMaroshi	10,560	40
68	Nehru road	Santacruz station	Military cantonment	Santacruz (W)	7,920	100		Western Express highway	Western Express highway junction
69	Quarry road	S.V.road	Malad quarry	Malad (E)	9,570	60		Western Express highway
70	Mahakali Caves road	Mathuradas Vasanji road	Mahakali caves	Andheri (E)	9,240	40 & 60		M.I.D.C road
71	Motilal Nagar road	S.V.road	Motilal Nagar	Goregaon (W)	3,960	60
72	M.G.road (Goregaon)	S.V.Road		Goregaon (W)	N.A	60
73	Malad Pushpa Park road	Malad Station	Pushpa Park	Malad (E)	N.A	50
74	Eksar road	Gorai road	Eksar village	Borivali (W)	N.A	40
75	M.G.road and Charkop	S.V.Road	Charkop	Kandivali (W)	11,880	80
76	Akurli road	Kandivli station	Western express highway	Kandivili (E)	3,690	60
77	M.G.road (Borivali)	Borivali station	Western express highway	Borivali (E)	3,300	60
78	Kausturba road	Borivali station	Western EXpress highway	Borivali (E)	2,000	40
79	Mahatama Gandhi road and Ramkrishna Chemburkar marg	LKal Bahadur Shastri marg junction	Burmahshell refineries	Ghatkopar and Chembur	8 km		Railway bridhges near Ghtkopar and hembur railway statoins	(1) jawahar road, (2)R.B.Mehta marg (3)Reti BUnder road (4)Eastern Express highway (5)Chembur- Govandi road (Acharya marg) (6) V.N.Purao marg (7)S.G.Barve (8) Chotiram Gidwani marg. (9) F.C.I road, (10) Vashi Village road (11)Mahul Village road	(1) L.B.S marg junction (2) Shraddhanand road junction (3)Jawahar road junction (4) EXpress highway junction (5) Chembur Govandi road (6)Chembur naka (7) Chotiram Gidwani road junction

TABLE NO 10
MAJOR BRIDGES IN GREATER BOMBAY 1973-74

Serial no

Name of the bridge

Name of the roads on which the bridge is constructed

Names of the roads that bridge links

Area in which located

Structural aspects

Cost of construction (in Rs.)

Year of construction

Year of opening

Remarks

Type

Lenghth

Height

Width

1

Kemp's Corner Fly Over

(Kemp's Corner Junction) Dr. G.Deshmukh amrg and N.S.Patkar marg

Dr.G. Deshmukh marg N.S.Patkar marg

Cumbala Hill

Prestressed concrete construction

910'

17'

49'

14.5 lakhs

1-10-64 to 13-4-65

14-4-65

2

Princess Street Fly over

Samaldas Gandhi marg, E2 road,H Road ,N Subhash road, M.Karve road

Samaldas Gandhi marg, E2 road, H road, N.Subhash road

Marine Drive and Kalbadevi

Prestressed concrete construction

2050'

22' on Rly 18' on road

44'

53 lakhs

1-11-64 to 2-11-67

3-11-67

3

Andheri Over bridge

Over Western Railway tracks

Swami Vivekanad road and Teli gally

Andheri

N.A

700'

90'

66,53,205

1965 to 1971

1972

4

Poisar Bridge

Swami Vivekanad road

Swami Vivekanand road and Akurli road

Poisar

Arch masonary

90'

4,95,657

1971

1971

5

Oshivara Bridge

Do.

S.V.Road

Oshivara

Arch masonary

90'

22,44,947

1972

1973

6

Dahisar River Bridge

S.V.Road

S.V.Road

Borivali East

Arch masonary

125'

25'

7

Ghatkopar Bridge

Connects Mahatma Gandhi road on each side

M.G.Road

Ghatkopar

(Not known being Railway Bridge)

8

Govandi Bridge

Mahul Ghatkopar road

V.N.Purao marg (NOrthern area beyond Kurla-Mankhurd Rly)

Deonar

R.C.C

400mts

5.5M over rail

27.43m

52,00,000

1973-74

9

Thane creek Bridge

Bombay-Pune road

V.N.Purao marg and Thane-Belapur road

Near Mankhurd

(a)Foundation:- (i)2.5 meters dia. well (ii)1.15 meters dia.Hochstrasser type piles anchored as rock. (b)Substructure- Precast prestressed concrete.

1837mts

33mts

13.4mts

5024 crores including approches

1971

27Jan1972

(1) 39 sapns varying from 36 meters to 53.4 meters. (2)high tidal level +13.00mts (3) Maximum depth of water 17.7 meters (4) Maximum depth of oundations 19 mts. below bed, (5)Navigational structure 901 mts. above high tide level.

Recently a new R.C.C.railway over-bridge is conmstructed at the north of Ghatkopar railway station. It connectsLal Bahadur Shastri marg and Eastern Express highway. A bridge between Bhandup and Mulund Station railway station is also constructed. It connects Lal Bahadur Shastri marg and Eastern Express Highway.

TABLE NO.11
OTHER IMPORTANT BRIDGES IN GREATER BOMBAY, 1973-74

Serial No.	Ward	Name of Bridge	Location and escription
1	A	Carnac bridge	This bridge is located at Lokmanya Tilak road (Carnac road). It goes east-west over the Central Railway tracks. The bridge is maintained by railway authorities.
2	B	Elphinstone bridge	This bridge was constructed by the Railways in 1868, connecting Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road and P. De'Mellow road. It was named after the late Governor of Bombay, Mountstuart Elphinstone.
3	C	Masjid bridge	It was constructed by Railways in 1868, connecting Yusuf Meherali road and P. De'Mellow road. It is named after Jakeria Masjid.
4	C	Bellasis bridge	This bridge connects Tardeo junction with Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg.
5	D	Falkland bridge	This bridge connects Tardeo T. T. with Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg.
6	D	Frere bridge	It connects Nana Chowk with Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar marg junction, Maulana Shaukat Ali road.
7	D	Kennedy bridge	This bridge connects Nana Chowk with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road and Mama Parmanand marg.
8	D	French bridge	This bridge connects Sardar Vallabh­bhai Patel road with Nyayamurti Sitaram Patkar marg.
9	D	Sandhurst Road Bridge	This bridge connects Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel road with Dr. N. A. Purandare marg.
10	D	Pedestrian foot over bridge at Charni road station.	This bridge connects Charni Road with Dr. Bhalerao marg
11	D	Pedestrian foot-over bridge known; as Patel bridge near Birla Krida Kendra.	This bridge connects Dr. N.A. Purandare marg with Mathew road.
12	E	Garden bridge	From N. M. Joshi marg to Dr. Ambedkar road.
13	E	Byculla bridge	From Sir J. J. road to Seth Motishah lane.
14	E	Victoria Road over bridge	Joining Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar road and Reay road.
15	E	Nesbit Road bridge	From Sir J.J.road to Mazagaon road junction
16	E	Nawab Tank bridge	From Reay road to Mazagaon Pakhadi road.
17	F/S	Elphinstone bridge	From Elphinstone road (Parel) to Senapati Bapat marg (junction with Sayani road).
18	F/S	Curry road bridge	From Elphinstone road (Parel) to Senapati Bapat marg (junction with Sayani road).
19	F/S	Sane Guruji road bridge	from Sane guruji marg to N.M.Joshi marg (above Central Railways Chinchpokli station)
20	F/N	Tilak bridge	Khodadad Circle to N. C. Kelkar road. This is a flat girder bridge passing over Central and Western railway lines. It forms a very important link joining south and west parts of Bombay with eastern area.
21	F/N	100 ft. wide bridge over Central Railway lines starting from Sion road by the side of Lokmanya Tilak Memorial General Hospital.
22	F/N	78 feet wide vehicular traffic bridge over Harbour Branch Railway lines starting from Road No. 16 and going to Raoli Camp.	This   bridge   with   approaches   was completed in 1964. At present it leads to Raoli area, Central Government Colony and Antop hill, Wadala.
23	F/N	Sion Station bridge	This bridge joins Sion with Agra road, Dharavi and Eastern Suburbs.
24	G/S	Lower Parel bridge	Opposite Lower Parel Railway station between Senapati Bapat marg and Currey Road.
25	G/S	Currey Road bridge	Opposite Currey Road Railway station joining N. M. Joshi marg.
26	G/S	Chincpokli bridge	Opposite Chinchpokli Railway station joining with junction of N. M. Joshi marg and Sane Guruji marg.
27	G/S	Mahalaxmi bridge	Opposite Mahalaxmi Railway station between Dr. E. Moses road and Jacob circle.
28	G/N	Mahim Causeway bridge	This bridge is over the creek dividing the city and suburbs on west side.
29	L	C.S.T road bridge	This bridge is between Lai Bahadur Shastri marg and Kurla Railway station over S. G. Barve marg (west). This bridge makes Old Agra road a continuous one to join Lai Bahadur Shastri marg which is the trunk road.
30	L	Safed Pool (white bridge)	This bridge connects Kurla and Andheri and serves the whole of the Industrial Complex along Kurla-Andheri road, Marol village, Chandivli and Saki Naka.
31	M	Eastern Express Highway bridge	This bridge is on Kurla-Mankhurd Railway track, near Chembur level crossing. It is steel framed structure constructed in 1961-62.
32	N	Bridge  over  the nalla at Mahatma Gandhi road near cemetery adjoining sewage purification and pump-house, Ghatkopar.	This bridge was widened and recons­tructed in 1969-70.
33	N	Bridge over the waterpipe line, Lai Bahadur Shastri marg (Agra road), Ghatkopar.	This bridge is near Municipal Water Department and Workshop, Ghatkopar.
34	P	Ram Mandir road bridge across Ram Mandir nalla, Goregaon	The length of this bridge is about 100 feet and width 40 feet
35	P	Marve road bridge	This is constructed across a creek
36	R	Charkop bridge at Kandivli (west)	This is on main Charkop road. Present width is about 14 feet. This is a masonry bridge, constructed during pre-Independence era.
37	R	Dahanukar wadi bridge on Mahatma Gandhi road, Kandivli (West).	This is on Poisar river. Present width is about 36 feet. Pillars of masonry superstructure.
38	R	Bridge behind Fish market, Kandivli (West).	This is about 12 feet wide. Pillars are of masonry.
39	R	Bridge on Swami Vivekanand road across Dahisar river near Daulatnagar, Borivli (East).	This is about 18 feet wide old masonry bridge constructed during pre-Independence era.
40	R	Portuguese bridge on Dahisar river, Dahisar (West)	this is an old bridge of masonry for pedestrain traffic only.
41	R	Bridge at Gorai Creek, Borivali (West)	This is 13 feet wide constructed newly on old site
42	R	Bridge on Dahisar river, Borivali (East)	This is 14 feet wide bridge. Pillars are of masonry and superstructure is R.C.C.slab

The following statement indicates the works in progress with revised estimated cost, expenditure incurred in IVth Plan and spill over to Vth Five-Year Plan (Latest information not available.): —

Spill over works in the Vth FiveYear Plan	Revised estimated cost (Rs. in crores)	Expenditure incurred in th IVth Plan(Rs. in crores)	Spill over the Vth Plan (Rs. in crores) April 1974 to March 1979
(I)  West Island Freeway including grade separated junction at Chaupati, Malabar Hill tunnel, reclamation and sea wall, etc. for portion between Chaupati to Haji Ali	11.50	1.28	6.00
(II)  Link roads:— (a) Bandra-Dharavi (b)Santacruz-Chembur (c)Chembur-Mankhurd (d)Andheri-Ghatkopar (e)Jogeshwari-Vikhroli (f)Goregaon-Mulund	8.28	1.45	3.50
(III)  Engineering Surveys	0.21	0.08	0.10
Total	19.99	2.81	9.60
(IV) Sion-Mahim link road	0.75	0.25	0.50
Grand Total	20.74	3.06	10.10

(I) West Island Freeway: The work of sea wall and reclamation of land along the shore from Petit Hall to Haji Ali was started in IVth Five-Year Plan. Few hectares of land of the total of 48 hectares has been reclaimed so far. Nepean Sea road over bridge is also completed.

(II) Link roads: The details of link roads according to the Wilbur Smith Plan are as under:—

		Cost
Link road	Length in km.	(Rs. in lakhs)
(i) Goregaon-Mulund	12.38	175.00
(ii') Jogeshwari-Vikhroli	10.43	74.11
(iii) Andheri-Ghatkopar	8.26	144.00
(iv) Santacruz-Chembur	6.03	56.37
(v) Bandra-Dharavi	2.54	49.00
(vi) Sion-Mahim	2.58	74.84

Besides, there was a provision of Rs. 80 lakhs for other purposes during the IVth Five-Year Plan.

(a) Bandra-Dharavi link road: The work including the bridge across Mahim creek was completed and the road was opened for traffic in January 1973.

(b) Santacruz-Chembur link road : Stage I of 2466 metres from Western Express Highway to Agra Road. There will be one over bridge in this section near Kurla railway station.

Stage II of 160 metres from Western Express Highway to C.S.T. Road. The work is in progress.

(c) Chembur-Mankhurd link road : The work of the road is in progress though it was expected to be completed by 1976.

(d) Andheri-Ghatkopar link road : Stage I of 1.4 km. from Eastern Express Highway to Agra road. The work of 1 km. is completed.

Stage II—From Western Express Highway to Agra road—The work is in progress.

(e)Jogeshwari-Vikhroli link road : Stage I (1.4 km.) from Eastern Express Highway to Agra road, and Stage II from Western Express Highway to Agra road—The work is in progress.

(f) Goregaon-Mulund link road : Stage I (2 km.) from Eastern Express highway to Agra road—work is in progress.

Stage II-A—Western Express Highway to Film City—The work is completed.

Stage II-B—National Park—To maintain the vegetation in National Park it is decided to drop this work.

Stage II-C—From Agra road to National Park—This portion is also dropped in view of the decision to maintain forest in National Park.

(III) Engineering Surveys : All majoi surveys for the first phase work are completed.

(IV) Sion-Mahirn link road (2.47 km.) : The length of 0.67 km. from Dharavi to Bandra-Dharavi link road is completed.

Provision of New Works in Vth Five-Year Plan : The following new works were proposed to be taken up in Vth Five-Year Plan. The estimated cost and the Plan provisions during the Vth Five-Year Plan are indicated
below:—

(Rs. in crores)

New works during Vth Five-Year Plan	Estimated cost	Provision in Vth Five Year Plan
(I) East Island Freeway including Carnac Bunder Flyover, Sewree Flyover and elevated portion between Wadi Bunder and Victoria bridge.	15.30	1.60
(II) Sewree Expressway	4.70	1.00
Total	20.00	2.60

Bridges under the Bombay Road Development Plan : The following major bridges are proposed to be constructed in the Bombay Road Development Plan:—

(a) Railway over bridges : Across Central Railway (joining Eastern Express Highway and Agra Road)—

(i) Santacruz-Chembur link road—north of Kurla station.(Construction of this bridge is in progress.)
(ii) Andheri-Ghatkopar link road—north of Ghatkopar station.
(iii) Goregaon-Mulund   link road—between Bhandup and Mulund station.

Across Western Railway (joining Mahim and Dharavi)—
(i)Sion-Mahim link road—north of Mahim station.

(b) Bridges on roads :

(i) Bandra-Dharavi link road—Mahim creek bridge. (ii) Nepean Sea over bridge—Nepean Sea road bridge over existing road for the facility of Malabar Hill tunnel and West Island Freeway.

(c)  Flyovers I Grade separated Junctions (Construction of these bridges is in progress.) (in numbers) :

(i) East Island Freeway—1 to 11.
(ii) West Island Freeway—12 to 21.
(iii) Central Island Freeway—22.
(iv) Eastern Express highway—23 to 27.
(v) Western Express highway—28 to 34.

(d) Underground Roadways:(Construction of these bridges is in progress.)

(f) Malabar Hill tunnel.

(ii) Subway on Central Island Expressway near Sion Circle.

Of the above mentioned bridges included in the Bombay Road Deve­lopment Plan, some have been completed and are opened for traffic.

Reappraisal   of   Bombay   Road   Development  Scheme : Due to a number of changes that have taken place since the submission of the report by M/s. Wilbur Smith and Associates in 1963, such as, land use plan of Bombay, proposed New Bombay, proposed development of Bombay Metropolitan Region, proposed Bombay-Uran link, proposed Mass Rapid Transit System, etc., it became necessary to have a re-appraisal of the Bombay Road Development Plan and integrate it with the Plan for Mass Rapid Transit System proposed by Railway organization.

The work of carrying fresh traffic studies of the Greater Bombay and the Bombay Metropolitan Region was entrusted by the Government to Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi. The targets for the Bombay Road Development programme are likely to be amended from time to time based upon the recommendations that may be made by the C.R.R.I., New Delhi in their final report after completion of the traffic study.

Truck Terminal Project, Wadala : In order to reduce the transport load and the traffic congestion in Bombay and particularly in the busy areas, the Bombay Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (BMRDA) has prepared a scheme to establish a truck terminal at Wadala. The BMRDA has selected the premises near Wadala, popularly known as Wadala-Anik. The scheme for truck terminal at Wadala-Anik was sanctioned by the Government on 22nd April 1976. A open space of about 125 acres (excluding the area of entry roads) is reserved for this scheme. Though it is away from the business area it will be convenient to the truck owners and the booking agents whose offices will be shifted to the proposed truck terminal area as new markets will be nearer. The proposed area of the Truck Terminal is at the north-end of the Eastern corridor and will be easily connected to the East Island Tollway after its construction. As the proposed area of the Truck Terminal is located near the junction of the Eastern Express Highway and the Sion-Panvel road it can be easily joined to these roads. Nearly 75 per cent of the total truck transport is carried out by these two roads only. Besides, the trucks from the Western Express Highway can reach the terminal easily by the linking roads. The Municipal Corporation has decided to construct a new road from Wadala to Mahul-Ghatkopar road. After the construction of this road truck terminal area can be easily connected to South Bombay.

To the north of the truck terminal area it is proposed to reserve an area of 100 acres for the construction of warehouses and godowns.

The proposed area of the truck terminal is shown below:—

Land use	Proposed area (acres)	Percentage to total proposed area
(1)Plots reserved for truck companies	47.18	25.51
(2) Combined space for parking trucks and internal roads	80.63	43.59
(3)Space for Petrol pumps, garage and vehicle weighers	9.82	5.30
(4)Area under architecturally controlled building blocks.	16.35	8.84
(5)Organised greeneries	31.00	16.76
Total	184.98	100.00

The truck terminal will be beneficial to the truck transport owners also as most of the big markets in Bombay are located within the radius of about 10 km from the site.

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